Sakaguchi Kengo, Ishibashi Toyotaka, Uchiyama Yukinobu, Iwabata Kazuki
Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.
FEBS J. 2009 Feb;276(4):943-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06841.x. Epub 2009 Jan 12.
Replication protein A (RPA) complex has been shown, using both in vivo and in vitro approaches, to be required for most aspects of eukaryotic DNA metabolism: replication, repair, telomere maintenance and homologous recombination. Here, we review recent data concerning the function and biological importance of the multi-RPA complex. There are distinct complexes of RPA found in the biological kingdoms, although for a long time only one type of RPA complex was believed to be present in eukaryotes. Each complex probably serves a different role. In higher plants, three distinct large and medium subunits are present, but only one species of the smallest subunit. Each of these protein subunits forms stable complexes with their respective partners. They are paralogs as complex. Humans possess two paralogs and one analog of RPA. The multi-RPA system can be regarded as universal in eukaryotes. Among eukaryotic kingdoms, paralogs, orthologs, analogs and heterologs of many DNA synthesis-related factors, including RPA, are ubiquitous. Convergent evolution seems to be ubiquitous in these processes. Using recent findings, we review the composition and biological functions of RPA complexes.
利用体内和体外方法均已表明，复制蛋白A（RPA）复合物对于真核生物DNA代谢的大多数方面都是必需的：复制、修复、端粒维持和同源重组。在这里，我们综述了有关多RPA复合物功能和生物学重要性的最新数据。在生物界中发现了不同的RPA复合物，尽管长期以来人们认为真核生物中只存在一种类型的RPA复合物。每个复合物可能发挥不同的作用。在高等植物中，存在三种不同的大亚基和中亚基，但最小的亚基只有一种。这些蛋白质亚基各自与其相应的伙伴形成稳定的复合物。作为复合物，它们是旁系同源物。人类拥有RPA的两个旁系同源物和一个类似物。多RPA系统在真核生物中可被视为普遍存在。在真核生物界中，包括RPA在内的许多与DNA合成相关的因子的旁系同源物、直系同源物、类似物和异源物无处不在。在这些过程中，趋同进化似乎无处不在。利用最近的研究结果，我们综述了RPA复合物的组成和生物学功能。
