Jackson Joshua J, Bogg Tim, Walton Kate E, Wood Dustin, Harms Peter D, Lodi-Smith Jennifer, Edmonds Grant W, Roberts Brent W
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Feb;96(2):446-59. doi: 10.1037/a0014156.
Previous research has shown that traits from the domain of conscientiousness tend to increase with age. However, previous research has not tested whether all aspects of conscientiousness change with age. The present research tests age differences in multiple facets of conscientiousness (industriousness, orderliness, impulse control, reliability, and conventionality) using multiple methods and multiple samples. In a community sample (N = 274) and a representative statewide sample (N = 613) of 18- to 94-year-olds, self-reported industriousness, impulse control, and reliability showed age differences from early adulthood to middle age, whereas orderliness did not. The transition into late adulthood was characterized by increases in impulse control, reliability, and conventionality. In contrast, age differences in observer-rated personality occurred mainly in older adulthood. Age differences held across both ethnicity and levels of socioeconomic status.
先前的研究表明，尽责性领域的特质往往会随着年龄的增长而增加。然而，先前的研究并未测试尽责性的所有方面是否会随年龄变化。本研究使用多种方法和多个样本，测试了尽责性多个方面（勤奋、有序、冲动控制、可靠性和守旧性）的年龄差异。在一个由18至94岁人群组成的社区样本（N = 274）和一个具有代表性的全州样本（N = 613）中，自我报告的勤奋、冲动控制和可靠性从成年早期到中年呈现出年龄差异，而有序性则没有。进入成年晚期的特征是冲动控制、可靠性和守旧性的增加。相比之下，观察者评定的人格的年龄差异主要出现在老年期。年龄差异在不同种族和社会经济地位水平上均存在。
