Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2009 Mar;47(3):254-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2008.12.007. Epub 2009 Jan 3.
Research indicates that examining failure experiences using an immersed processing style versus a non-immersed, self-distanced open style influences cognitions about the self, motivation, and subsequent depressive symptoms. However, the effect of processing goal failure experiences using these different processing styles have not been adequately incorporated into existing self-regulation theories of depression. In a cross-sectional study, we examined the interactive effects of rumination (versus reflection) and failure to attain promotion goals on depressive symptoms. As predicted, greater levels of promotion goal failure were associated with having more depressive symptoms for individuals who engage in moderate to high levels of rumination. In contrast, among individuals who engage in high levels of self-reflection, promotion goal failure was not associated with an appreciable increase in depressive symptoms. We discuss the implications of these results for self-regulatory theories of depression and treatments for depression.
研究表明，采用沉浸加工风格而非非沉浸、自我疏远的开放风格来审视失败经验会影响自我认知、动机和随后的抑郁症状。然而，使用这些不同的加工风格来处理目标失败经验的效果尚未充分纳入现有的抑郁的自我调节理论中。在一项横断面研究中，我们研究了沉思（而非反思）和未能实现晋升目标对抑郁症状的交互影响。正如预测的那样，对于那些沉思程度中等或较高的人来说，晋升目标失败与更多的抑郁症状有关。相比之下，对于那些沉思程度较高的人来说，晋升目标失败与抑郁症状的明显增加无关。我们讨论了这些结果对抑郁的自我调节理论和抑郁治疗的意义。
