Paul E, Greilich K D
Hautklinik, Klinikum Nürnberg.
Hautarzt. 1991 Jun;42(6):366-75.
In a prospective analysis, all patients presenting with urticaria in the practices of a general practitioner and a dermatologist and at a university clinic in the course of a year were ascertained and underwent diagnostic examination according to a uniform scheme. Urticarias are common skin diseases, affecting, at a modest estimate, about 1.3% of the population. Of all the general practitioner's patients about 3% had one of the many types of urticaria. The same percentage was found in the dermatologist's practice and among the patients attending the university clinic. The incidence of the different types of urticaria differs considerably at the different levels of medical care. This may be due to the fact that the patients are referred to a specialist or to a clinic only when the diagnosis or treatment is problematic. Half the general practitioner's urticaria patients suffer from physical urticarias (this includes the minor variants that do not necessarily require medical care). In the clinic, however, only a quarter of all patients with urticaria had physical variants. Patients with chronic urticaria accumulate in clinics because they have been referred for diagnosis and therapy. Predominantly young people were affected by physical urticaria, the peak being between 10 and 40 years. Patients with chronic "endogenous" urticaria were significantly older. About 30% of all patients also had angio-oedema, at least temporarily. Isolated swelling without urticaria occurred in only 3.9% of all patients. In urticaria, there was a slight female predominance: of all patients with physical urticaria, 61.1% were female, and the corresponding figure for nonphysical types was 53.6%. An almost equal sex distribution was found in chronic urticaria (51.9% female). In our prospective study patients presenting with urticaria only as a minor symptom was also ascertained. Many minor variants of physical urticaria were seen in these patients. In the dermatological practice, urticaria was diagnosed incidentally in 6-8% of cases. In the clinic, however, 20% of the physical urticarias and 10% of the acute nonphysical urticarias were recorded as incidental findings.
在一项前瞻性分析中，确定了一年内在一名全科医生、一名皮肤科医生的诊所以及一家大学诊所就诊的所有荨麻疹患者，并按照统一方案对他们进行了诊断检查。荨麻疹是常见的皮肤病，据保守估计，约1.3%的人口受其影响。在全科医生的所有患者中，约3%患有多种类型荨麻疹中的一种。在皮肤科医生的诊所患者以及大学诊所的就诊患者中也发现了相同的比例。不同类型荨麻疹的发病率在不同医疗水平上差异很大。这可能是因为只有在诊断或治疗存在问题时，患者才会被转诊至专科医生或诊所。全科医生的荨麻疹患者中有一半患有物理性荨麻疹（这包括不一定需要医疗护理的轻微变体）。然而，在诊所中，所有荨麻疹患者中只有四分之一患有物理性变体。慢性荨麻疹患者会聚集在诊所，因为他们是被转诊来进行诊断和治疗的。物理性荨麻疹主要影响年轻人，发病高峰在10至40岁之间。慢性“内源性”荨麻疹患者的年龄明显更大。所有患者中约30%至少曾暂时出现血管性水肿。仅3.9%的所有患者出现无荨麻疹的孤立性肿胀。在荨麻疹患者中，女性略占优势：在所有物理性荨麻疹患者中，61.1%为女性，非物理性类型的相应比例为53.6%。在慢性荨麻疹患者中，性别分布几乎相等（女性占51.9%）。在我们的前瞻性研究中，还确定了仅将荨麻疹作为轻微症状表现的患者。在这些患者中发现了许多物理性荨麻疹的轻微变体。在皮肤科诊所，6 - 8%的病例荨麻疹是偶然诊断出来的。然而，在诊所中，20%的物理性荨麻疹和10%的急性非物理性荨麻疹被记录为偶然发现。
