Colditz I G, Lloyd J B, Paull D R, Lee C, Giraudo A, Pizzato C, Fisher A D
CSIRO Livestock Industries, Locked Bag 1, Post Office, Armidale, New South Wales 2350, Australia.
Aust Vet J. 2009 Jan-Feb;87(1):19-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2008.00384.x.
To assess in weaned lambs the palliative effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, carprofen, following intradermal injection of cetrimide to induce non-surgical mulesing.
We allocated 40 weaned lambs (20-22 weeks old) to four groups of 10 animals: (1) control, 2) conventional surgical mules, (3) intradermal treatment and (4) intradermal treatment + carprofen. Non-surgical mulesing was induced by intradermal injection of 4% (w/w) cetrimide + 3% (w/w) polyvinylpyrrolidone in water. In group 4, carprofen (4 mg/kg, SC) was administered 1 h before intradermal treatment. Five weaners, including an animal from each treatment, were run in each pen. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, cortisol, beta-endorphin and haptoglobin levels and rectal temperature were monitored at least daily for the first 7 days after treatment, then weekly until day 28. Body weight was measured weekly and behaviour was measured every 15 min for 12 h on the day of treatment, then on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 21 and 28 following treatment.
The intradermal treatment resulted in high fever and elevated blood cortisol by 12 h. Rectal temperatures were significantly elevated until 5 days after treatment, cortisol was elevated until 3 days after treatment, haptoglobin for at least 7 days after treatment and the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio until 4 days after treatment. Average daily gain was depressed in the week following treatment. Abnormal behaviours (hunched standing, stiff walking, pawing, lateral lying and lying intention) were increased on the day of treatment and for 6 days post treatment. Carprofen reduced the time spent in abnormal behaviours by approximately two-thirds but did not ameliorate the physiological responses to the intradermal treatment.
In weaner sheep, carprofen ameliorated the behavioural responses, but was unable to provide relief from the intense and sustained physiological responses to non-surgical mulesing by intradermal injection of cetrimide. Systemic side-effects may be unavoidable with formulations based on quaternary ammonium compounds that are designed to reduce the risk of fly strike in sheep by remodelling breech tissue through induction of tissue necrosis.
评估在断奶羔羊中，皮内注射西曲溴铵诱导非手术去势后，非甾体抗炎药卡洛芬的缓解效果。
我们将40只断奶羔羊（20 - 22周龄）分为四组，每组10只动物：（1）对照组，（2）传统手术去势组，（3）皮内治疗组，（4）皮内治疗 + 卡洛芬组。通过在水中皮内注射4%（w/w）西曲溴铵 + 3%（w/w）聚乙烯吡咯烷酮诱导非手术去势。在第4组中，在皮内治疗前1小时给予卡洛芬（4 mg/kg，皮下注射）。每个围栏中饲养5只断奶羔羊，每组各1只。在治疗后的前7天至少每天监测中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率、皮质醇、β - 内啡肽和触珠蛋白水平以及直肠温度，然后每周监测直至第28天。每周测量体重，在治疗当天每15分钟测量12小时的行为，然后在治疗后的第1、2、4、6、12、21和28天测量行为。
皮内治疗在12小时内导致高热和血液皮质醇升高。直肠温度在治疗后5天内显著升高，皮质醇在治疗后3天内升高，触珠蛋白在治疗后至少7天内升高，中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率在治疗后4天内升高。治疗后一周内平均日增重下降。在治疗当天和治疗后6天内，异常行为（弓背站立、僵硬行走、刨地、侧卧和躺卧倾向）增加。卡洛芬将异常行为所花费的时间减少了约三分之二，但并未改善对皮内治疗的生理反应。
在断奶绵羊中，卡洛芬改善了行为反应，但无法缓解皮内注射西曲溴铵所致非手术去势引起的强烈且持续的生理反应。基于季铵化合物的制剂旨在通过诱导组织坏死重塑臀部组织来降低绵羊蝇蛆病风险，但其全身副作用可能不可避免。
