Kaneda Megan M, Caruthers Shelton, Lanza Gregory M, Wickline Samuel A
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
Ann Biomed Eng. 2009 Oct;37(10):1922-33. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9643-z. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
A broad array of nanomaterials is available for use as contrast agents for molecular imaging and drug delivery. Due to the lack of endogenous background signal in vivo and the high NMR sensitivity of the (19)F atom, liquid perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions make ideal agents for cellular and magnetic resonance molecular imaging. The perfluorocarbon core material is surrounded by a lipid monolayer which can be functionalized with a variety of agents including targeting ligands, imaging agents and drugs either individually or in combination. Multiple copies of targeting ligands (approximately 20-40 monoclonal antibodies or 200-400 small molecule ligands) serve to enhance avidity through multivalent interactions while the composition of the particle's perfluorocarbon core results in high local concentrations of (19)F. Additionally, lipophilic drugs contained within molecularly targeted nanoemulsions can result in contact facilitated drug delivery to target cells. Ultimately, the dual use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles for both site targeted drug delivery and molecular imaging may provide both imaging of disease states as well as conclusive evidence that drug delivery is localized to the area of interest. This review will focus on liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticles as (19)F molecular imaging agents and for targeted drug delivery in cancer and cardiovascular disease.
有各种各样的纳米材料可作为分子成像和药物递送的造影剂。由于体内缺乏内源性背景信号以及（19）F原子具有高核磁共振灵敏度，液态全氟碳纳米乳剂成为细胞和磁共振分子成像的理想造影剂。全氟碳核心材料被脂质单分子层包围，该脂质单分子层可用包括靶向配体、成像剂和药物等多种试剂单独或组合进行功能化修饰。多个靶向配体拷贝（约20 - 40个单克隆抗体或200 - 400个小分子配体）通过多价相互作用增强亲和力，而颗粒全氟碳核心的组成导致（19）F的高局部浓度。此外，分子靶向纳米乳剂中含有的亲脂性药物可促进药物与靶细胞的接触并实现递送。最终，全氟碳纳米颗粒用于位点靶向药物递送和分子成像的双重用途可能既提供疾病状态的成像，又提供药物递送定位于感兴趣区域的确凿证据。本综述将聚焦于液态全氟碳纳米颗粒作为（19）F分子成像剂以及在癌症和心血管疾病中的靶向药物递送。
