补贴是否有效？日本老年人流感疫苗接种需求的价格弹性
Does subsidy work? Price elasticity of demand for influenza vaccination among the elderly in Japan.
作者信息
Kondo Masahide, Hoshi Shu-ling, Okubo Ichiro
机构信息
Department of Health Care Policy and Management, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
出版信息
Health Policy. 2009 Aug;91(3):269-76. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.12.014. Epub 2009 Jan 30.
OBJECTIVES
Subsidy for influenza vaccination is often provided to the elderly in order to encourage them to receive a flu shot in developed countries. However, its effect on uptake rate, i.e., price elasticity of demand, has not been well studied.
METHODS
Japan's decentralised vaccination programme allows observation of various pairs in price and uptake rate of flu shots among the elderly by the municipality from 2001/2002 to 2004/2005 season. We combine our sample survey data (n=281), which monitor price, subsidy and uptake rate, with published data on local characteristics in order to estimate price elasticity of demand with panel model.
RESULTS
We find price elasticity of demand for influenza vaccine: nearly zero in nationwide, nearly zero in urban area, and -1.07 in rural area.
CONCLUSIONS
The results question the rationale for subsidy, especially in urban area. There are cases where maintaining or increasing the level of subsidy is not an efficient allocation of finite health care resources. When organising a vaccination programme, health manager should be careful about the balance between subsidy and other efforts in order to encourage the elderly to receive shots with price elasticity in mind.
目的
在发达国家，通常会为老年人提供流感疫苗接种补贴，以鼓励他们接种流感疫苗。然而，其对接种率的影响，即需求的价格弹性，尚未得到充分研究。
方法
日本的分散式疫苗接种计划使得在2001/2002至2004/2005季节期间，可以观察到各市政府辖区内老年人流感疫苗接种价格与接种率的不同组合情况。我们将监测价格、补贴和接种率的样本调查数据（n = 281）与已公布的当地特征数据相结合，以便用面板模型估计需求的价格弹性。
结果
我们发现流感疫苗的需求价格弹性：在全国范围内接近零，在城市地区接近零，在农村地区为-1.07。
结论
研究结果对补贴的合理性提出了质疑，尤其是在城市地区。在某些情况下，维持或提高补贴水平并非有限医疗资源的有效配置。在组织疫苗接种计划时，卫生管理人员应谨慎权衡补贴与其他措施之间的平衡，以便在考虑价格弹性的情况下鼓励老年人接种疫苗。
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