Germeni E, Lionis C, Davou B, Petridou E Th
Center for Research and Prevention of Injuries, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Inj Prev. 2009 Feb;15(1):19-23. doi: 10.1136/ip.2008.019356.
To explore attitudes towards two-wheel motorized vehicle (TWMV) helmet use among adolescents in a country with poor legal compliance.
Self-administered questionnaires were completed by 523 high school students to define the sample of a qualitative study; thereafter, the Health Belief Model (HBM) was applied in 12 focus groups comprising 70 students.
Three randomly selected public secondary schools in middle-income areas of Athens, Greece.
Students reporting frequent helmet use were characterized by a high perceived threat of a TWMV-related injury, which seemed to be associated with both prior experience of an injury and receiving information on helmet wearing from "significant others." Students reporting helmet non-use were characterized by a low threat perception, possibly attributable to adolescent egocentrism and accompanying feelings of invulnerability or to lack of knowledge and experience in risk identification. A sharp contrast was noted regarding the most important perceived benefit of helmet use, expressed among users as "protection in the case of a road crash" and among non-users as "avoiding tickets from traffic police". Main barriers to helmet use, as identified by non-users, included: low perceived efficacy of helmets; peer pressure; lack of appropriate information on helmet use; high helmet cost; lack of convenience; vision and hearing disturbance; and style reasons.
When social norms of low compliance to safety laws prevail, qualitative research can assist in developing tailored educational interventions targeting behavior modification among adolescents.
在一个法律遵守情况较差的国家，探讨青少年对两轮机动车（TWMV）头盔使用的态度。
523名高中生完成了自填式问卷，以确定定性研究的样本；此后，健康信念模型（HBM）应用于由70名学生组成的12个焦点小组。
希腊雅典中等收入地区随机选取的三所公立中学。
报告经常使用头盔的学生的特点是对TWMV相关伤害有较高的感知威胁，这似乎与先前的受伤经历以及从“重要他人”那里获得的佩戴头盔信息有关。报告不使用头盔的学生的特点是威胁感知较低，这可能归因于青少年自我中心主义以及随之而来的无懈可击感，或者是缺乏风险识别方面的知识和经验。在头盔使用的最重要感知益处方面存在鲜明对比，使用者认为是“在道路交通事故中提供保护”，而非使用者认为是“避免被交警开罚单”。非使用者确定的头盔使用主要障碍包括：头盔的感知功效低；同伴压力；缺乏关于头盔使用的适当信息；头盔成本高；缺乏便利性；视力和听力障碍；以及款式原因。
当安全法律遵守率较低的社会规范盛行时，定性研究有助于制定针对青少年行为改变的量身定制的教育干预措施。
