Riby D, Hancock P J B
School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE17RU, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2009 Feb;53(2):169-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01142.x.
Autism and Williams syndrome (WS) are neuro-developmental disorders associated with distinct social phenotypes. While individuals with autism show a lack of interest in socially important cues, individuals with WS often show increased interest in socially relevant information.
The current eye-tracking study explores how individuals with WS and autism preferentially attend to social scenes and movie extracts containing human actors and cartoon characters. The proportion of gaze time spent fixating on faces, bodies and the scene background was investigated.
While individuals with autism preferentially attended to characters' faces for less time than was typical, individuals with WS attended to the same regions for longer than typical. For individuals with autism atypical gaze behaviours extended across human actor and cartoon images or movies but for WS atypicalities were restricted to human actors.
The reported gaze behaviours provide experimental evidence of the divergent social interests associated with autism and WS.
自闭症和威廉姆斯综合征（WS）是与不同社会表型相关的神经发育障碍。自闭症患者对社会重要线索缺乏兴趣，而WS患者往往对社会相关信息表现出更高的兴趣。
当前的眼动追踪研究探讨了WS和自闭症患者如何优先关注包含人类演员和卡通角色的社会场景及电影片段。研究调查了注视面部、身体和场景背景的注视时间比例。
自闭症患者注视角色面部的时间比正常人少，而WS患者注视相同区域的时间比正常人长。自闭症患者的非典型注视行为在人类演员和卡通图像或电影中都存在，但WS患者的非典型性仅限于人类演员。
所报告的注视行为为与自闭症和WS相关的不同社会兴趣提供了实验证据。
