Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, 347 UCB, Porter Biosciences, Boulder, CO 80309-0347, USA.
Traffic. 2009 May;10(5):461-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2009.00885.x. Epub 2009 Jan 24.
Centrioles perform the dual functions of organizing both centrosomes and cilia. The biogenesis of nascent centrioles is an essential cellular event that is tightly coupled to the cell cycle so that each cell contains only two or four centrioles at any given point in the cell cycle. The assembly of centrioles and their analogs, basal bodies, is well characterized at the ultrastructural level whereby structural modules are built into a functional organelle. Genetic studies in model organisms combined with proteomic, bioinformatic and identifying ciliary disease gene orthologs have revealed a wealth of molecules requiring further analysis to determine their roles in centriole duplication, assembly and function. Nonetheless, at this stage, our understanding of how molecular components interact to build new centrioles and basal bodies is limited. The ciliates, Tetrahymena and Paramecium, historically have been the subject of cytological and genetic study of basal bodies. Recent advances in the ciliate genetic and molecular toolkit have placed these model organisms in a favorable position to study the molecular mechanisms of centriole and basal body assembly.
中心体具有组织中心体和纤毛的双重功能。新中心体的生物发生是一个重要的细胞事件，与细胞周期紧密偶联，因此在细胞周期的任何给定时刻，每个细胞仅含有两个或四个中心体。中心体及其类似物基体的组装在超微结构水平上得到了很好的描述，结构模块被构建成一个功能性细胞器。模式生物的遗传研究与蛋白质组学、生物信息学和鉴定纤毛病基因同源物相结合，揭示了大量需要进一步分析的分子，以确定它们在中心体复制、组装和功能中的作用。尽管如此，在现阶段，我们对分子成分如何相互作用构建新的中心体和基体的理解还很有限。纤毛动物四膜虫和草履虫在历史上一直是基体细胞学和遗传学研究的对象。纤毛动物遗传和分子工具包的最新进展使这些模式生物在研究中心体和基体组装的分子机制方面处于有利地位。
