Gould Trenton E, Piland Scott G, Shin Junghwan, Hoyle Charles E, Nazarenko Sergei
School of Human Performance, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
Dent Mater. 2009 Jun;25(6):771-80. doi: 10.1016/j.dental.2008.12.005. Epub 2009 Feb 4.
Contemporary mouthguard materials need to perform consistently over a wide range of possible temperatures (-20 to 40 degrees C). Therefore the specific aim of this study was to characterize commercialized mouthguard materials' properties and investigate the effect of temperature on these properties.
Five commercially representative thermoplastic mouthguard materials (Essix Resin, Erkoflex, Proform-regular, Proform-laminate, and Polyshok) were tested. The durometer hardness, water absorption, tear strength, and impact attenuation of the mouthguard materials were measured according to ASTM D2240-05, D570-98 (2005), D624-00, and ASTM D6110-06f (modified) guidelines. Tests were conducted on five separate specimens at both room 23+/-2 degrees C and intra-oral 37+/-2 degrees C temperatures. Independent t-tests (alpha=0.05) were used to test for differences between room and intra-oral temperatures.
Material hardness decreased (p<0.05) from room to intra-oral temperatures for all mouthguard materials. Water absorption increased (p<0.05) from room to intra-oral temperatures for all mouthguard materials. Tear strength decreased (p<0.05) from room to intra-oral temperatures for all mouthguard materials. Impact attenuation between room and intra-oral temperatures was different (p<0.05) for the Erkoflex, Proform-laminate, and Polyshok material respectfully. However, there was no difference between temperatures for the Essix Resin (p=.058) or Proform-regular (p=.275) materials.
Temperature measureably affects the physical and mechanical properties of mouthguard materials. It is particularly noteworthy that none of the commercialized products met current ANSI and SAI standards for impact attenuation.
当代护齿材料需要在很宽的可能温度范围（-20至40摄氏度）内保持一致的性能。因此，本研究的具体目的是表征商业化护齿材料的性能，并研究温度对这些性能的影响。
测试了五种具有商业代表性的热塑性护齿材料（Essix树脂、Erkoflex、Proform常规型、Proform层压型和Polyshok）。根据ASTM D2240-05、D570-98（2005）、D624-00和ASTM D6110-06f（修改版）指南，测量了护齿材料的硬度、吸水性、撕裂强度和冲击衰减。在23±2摄氏度的室温以及37±2摄氏度的口腔内温度下，对五个单独的样本进行了测试。使用独立样本t检验（α=0.05）来测试室温与口腔内温度之间的差异。
所有护齿材料从室温到口腔内温度时，材料硬度均降低（p<0.05）。所有护齿材料从室温到口腔内温度时，吸水性均增加（p<0.05）。所有护齿材料从室温到口腔内温度时，撕裂强度均降低（p<0.05）。对于Erkoflex、Proform层压型和Polyshok材料，室温与口腔内温度之间的冲击衰减不同（p<0.05）。然而，Essix树脂材料（p=0.058）或Proform常规型材料（p=0.275）在不同温度之间没有差异。
温度可显著影响护齿材料的物理和机械性能。特别值得注意的是，没有一种商业化产品符合当前ANSI和SAI的冲击衰减标准。
