Richter Erik A, Ruderman Neil B
Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, 13 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Biochem J. 2009 Mar 1;418(2):261-75. doi: 10.1042/BJ20082055.
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a phylogenetically conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is present in all mammalian cells. During exercise, it is activated in skeletal muscle in humans, and at least in rodents, also in adipose tissue, liver and perhaps other organs by events that increase the AMP/ATP ratio. When activated, AMPK stimulates energy-generating processes such as glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation and decreases energy-consuming processes such as protein and lipid synthesis. Exercise is perhaps the most powerful physiological activator of AMPK and a unique model for studying its many physiological roles. In addition, it improves the metabolic status of rodents with a metabolic syndrome phenotype, as does treatment with AMPK-activating agents; it is therefore tempting to attribute the therapeutic benefits of regular physical activity to activation of AMPK. Here we review the acute and chronic effects of exercise on AMPK activity in skeletal muscle and other tissues. We also discuss the potential role of AMPK activation in mediating the prevention and treatment by exercise of specific disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome, including Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
AMPK（AMP激活的蛋白激酶）是一种在系统发育上保守的能量感应酶，存在于所有哺乳动物细胞中。在运动过程中，它在人类骨骼肌中被激活，至少在啮齿动物中，在脂肪组织、肝脏以及可能的其他器官中，通过增加AMP/ATP比值的事件而被激活。当被激活时，AMPK会刺激诸如葡萄糖摄取和脂肪酸氧化等能量生成过程，并减少诸如蛋白质和脂质合成等能量消耗过程。运动可能是AMPK最强大的生理激活剂，也是研究其多种生理作用的独特模型。此外，它能改善具有代谢综合征表型的啮齿动物的代谢状况，AMPK激活剂治疗也有同样效果；因此，人们很容易将定期体育活动的治疗益处归因于AMPK的激活。在此，我们综述运动对骨骼肌和其他组织中AMPK活性的急性和慢性影响。我们还讨论了AMPK激活在介导运动预防和治疗与代谢综合征相关的特定疾病（包括2型糖尿病和阿尔茨海默病）中的潜在作用。
