Slowik Ted J, Lane Robert S
S&R Communications Group, 2511 Old Cornwallis Rd., Suite 200, Durham, NC 27713, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2009 Jan;46(1):115-22. doi: 10.1603/033.046.0115.
Larval and nymphal Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls, I. (Ixodes) jellisoni Cooley and Kohls, and Dermacentor occidentalis Marx were tested for host preference when simultaneously presented with a deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner), California kangaroo rat (Dipodomys californicus Merriam), western fence lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis Baird and Girard), and California towhee (Pipilo crissalis Vigors) in an experimental apparatus. Differences were observed in the preferences among the three species and between life stages. More larvae of all species approached and contacted hosts than did nymphs. Subadult I. pacificus entered all host-containing chambers in the highest numbers and remained on lizards most often after contact. Subadult I. jellisoni entered and remained in the chambers containing kangaroo rats, while rejecting mice, lizards, and birds as hosts. Subadult D. occidentalis most frequently entered rodent-containing chambers and contacted these hosts. After overnight exposure to all nonavian hosts, only I. pacificus parasitized and fed successfully on all three animals. I. jellisoni fed only on kangaroo rats and D. occidentalis fed only on rodents. Molting success ranged from approximately 66 to 95% among tick species and stages. We concluded that, under laboratory conditions, I. pacificus larvae and nymphs prefer western fence lizards, but also will parasitize rodents. Dermacentor occidentalis immatures use deer mice and kangaroo rats similarly, whereas I. jellisoni subadults exclusively parasitize kangaroo rats. California towhees are considerably less attractive as hosts for these three ticks. These host preferences are consistent with what is known about the natural feeding habits of all three ticks.
在一个实验装置中，当同时向太平洋硬蜱（Ixodes pacificus Cooley and Kohls）、杰氏硬蜱（I. (Ixodes) jellisoni Cooley and Kohls）的幼虫和若虫以及西方革蜱（Dermacentor occidentalis Marx）提供一只鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus Wagner）、加利福尼亚更格卢鼠（Dipodomys californicus Merriam）、西部围栏蜥蜴（Sceloporus occidentalis Baird and Girard）和加利福尼亚唧鹀（Pipilo crissalis Vigors）时，对它们的宿主偏好进行了测试。在这三个物种之间以及不同生命阶段之间观察到了偏好差异。所有物种的幼虫比若虫更接近并接触宿主。亚成体太平洋硬蜱进入所有装有宿主的小室的数量最多，接触后最常停留在蜥蜴身上。亚成体杰氏硬蜱进入并停留在装有更格卢鼠的小室中，而拒绝将小鼠、蜥蜴和鸟类作为宿主。亚成体西方革蜱最常进入装有啮齿动物的小室并接触这些宿主。在对所有非鸟类宿主进行过夜暴露后，只有太平洋硬蜱成功寄生并以所有三种动物为食。杰氏硬蜱只以更格卢鼠为食，西方革蜱只以啮齿动物为食。蜱虫物种和阶段的蜕皮成功率约为66%至95%。我们得出结论，在实验室条件下，太平洋硬蜱的幼虫和若虫更喜欢西部围栏蜥蜴，但也会寄生啮齿动物。西方革蜱的未成熟个体对鹿鼠和更格卢鼠的利用方式类似，而亚成体杰氏硬蜱只寄生更格卢鼠。加利福尼亚唧鹀作为这三种蜱虫的宿主吸引力要小得多。这些宿主偏好与这三种蜱虫已知的自然取食习性一致。
