Korfias S, Papadimitriou A, Stranjalis G, Bakoula C, Daskalakis G, Antsaklis A, Sakas D E
80 Agias Varvaras Street, 15231 Halandri, Athens, Greece.
Mini Rev Med Chem. 2009 Feb;9(2):227-34. doi: 10.2174/138955709787315994.
The diagnosis and assessment of brain damage is currently based on the clinical examination and the modern neuro-imaging techniques. Electrophysiology, haemodynamic monitoring and invasive neuromonitoring constitute additional tools for monitoring of the brain function and clinical course of the patient. However, despite the substantial progress, clinical and neuro-monitoring methods are quite often not sufficient to evaluate and quantify the severity of the initial and secondary destructive processes and hence they cannot guide efficient therapeutic measures and prognosticate effectively the outcome. During the last decades, researchers and clinicians have focused on specific markers of brain cell damage to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological insults. Lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, neuron specific enolase, have been proposed as potential markers of brain injury. More recently, other glial markers such as the Myelin Basic Protein, the glial fibrillary acidic protein and the S-100B protein have been measured in blood and used as surrogate biochemical markers for brain injury. This review summarizes published findings on the above brain specific serum biochemical markers with emphasis on those with clinical utility.
目前，脑损伤的诊断和评估基于临床检查和现代神经影像学技术。电生理学、血流动力学监测和侵入性神经监测是监测脑功能和患者临床病程的额外手段。然而，尽管取得了重大进展，但临床和神经监测方法往往不足以评估和量化原发性和继发性破坏过程的严重程度，因此无法指导有效的治疗措施，也无法有效地预测预后。在过去几十年中，研究人员和临床医生专注于脑细胞损伤的特定标志物，以改善神经损伤的诊断和监测。乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶、神经元特异性烯醇化酶已被提议作为脑损伤的潜在标志物。最近，其他神经胶质标志物，如髓鞘碱性蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和S-100B蛋白已在血液中检测，并用作脑损伤的替代生化标志物。本综述总结了关于上述脑特异性血清生化标志物的已发表研究结果，重点关注具有临床应用价值的标志物。
