Wang Hailin, Zhuang Yahui, Wang Ying, Sun Yele, Yuan Hui, Zhuang Guoshun, Hao Zhengping
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2008;20(11):1323-7. doi: 10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62228-7.
During 2001-2006, PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site, China, and in 2006, at a background site in Duolun (DL). The long-term monitoring data of elements, ions, and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements, nitrates, ammonium salts, and sulfates. These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of the total PM2.5. During this period, levels of Pb and S in PM remained rather high, as compared with the levels in other large cities in the world. Source apportionment results suggest that there were 6 common sources for PM2.5 and PM10, i.e., soil dust, vehicular emission, coal combustion, secondary aerosol, industrial emission, and biomass burning. Coal combustion was the largest contributor of PM2.5 with a percentage of 16.6%, whereas soil dust played the most important role in PM10 with a percentage of 27%. In contrast, only three common types of sources could be resolved at the background DL site, namely, soil dust, biomass combustion, and secondary aerosol from combustion sources.
2001年至2006年期间，在中国北京师范大学（BNU）站点采集了细颗粒物（PM2.5，空气动力学直径小于2.5微米的颗粒物）和可吸入颗粒物（PM10，空气动力学直径小于10微米的颗粒物）样本，并于2006年在多伦（DL）的一个背景站点进行了采集。元素、离子和黑碳的长期监测数据表明，PM2.5的主要成分是黑碳（BC）、地壳元素、硝酸盐、铵盐和硫酸盐。这五种主要成分占PM2.5总量的20% - 80%。在此期间，与世界其他大城市相比，PM中的铅和硫含量仍然相当高。源解析结果表明，PM2.5和PM10有6个共同来源，即土壤扬尘、机动车排放、煤炭燃烧、二次气溶胶、工业排放和生物质燃烧。煤炭燃烧是PM2.5的最大贡献源，占比16.6%，而土壤扬尘在PM10中起最重要作用，占比27%。相比之下，在多伦背景站点仅能分辨出三种常见的源类型，即土壤扬尘、生物质燃烧以及燃烧源产生的二次气溶胶。
