Trias Rosalia, Bañeras Lluís, Montesinos Emilio, Badosa Esther
Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology-CeRTA, CIDSAV, University of Girona, Spain.
Int Microbiol. 2008 Dec;11(4):231-6. doi: 10.2436/20.1501.01.66.
This study evaluated the efficacy of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables as biocontrol agents against the phytopathogenic and spoilage bacteria and fungi, Xanthomonas campestris, Erwinia carotovora, Penicillium expansum, Monilinia laxa, and Botrytis cinerea. The antagonistic activity of 496 LAB strains was tested in vitro and all tested microorganisms except P. expansum were inhibited by at least one isolate. The 496 isolates were also analyzed for the inhibition of P. expansum infection in wounds of Golden Delicious apples. Four strains (TC97, AC318, TM319, and FF441) reduced the fungal rot diameter of the apples by 20%; only Weissella cibaria strain TM128 decreased infection levels by 50%. Cell-free supernatants of selected antagonistic bacteria were studied to determine the nature of the antimicrobial compounds produced. Organic acids were the preferred mediators of inhibition but hydrogen peroxide was also detected when strains BC48, TM128, PM141 and FF441 were tested against E. carotovora. While previous reports of antifungal activity by LAB are scarce, our results support the potential of LAB as biocontrol agents against postharvest rot.
本研究评估了从新鲜水果和蔬菜中分离出的乳酸菌（LAB）作为生物防治剂对植物病原细菌、腐败细菌和真菌（野油菜黄单胞菌、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌、扩展青霉、核果链核盘菌和灰葡萄孢）的功效。对496株乳酸菌菌株的拮抗活性进行了体外测试，除扩展青霉外，所有测试微生物均至少被一种分离株抑制。还分析了这496株分离株对金冠苹果伤口上扩展青霉感染的抑制作用。四株菌株（TC97、AC318、TM319和FF441）使苹果的真菌腐烂直径减小了20%；只有食窦魏斯氏菌菌株TM128使感染水平降低了50%。对选定拮抗细菌的无细胞上清液进行了研究，以确定所产生抗菌化合物的性质。有机酸是主要的抑制介质，但在测试菌株BC48、TM128、PM141和FF441对胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌的抑制作用时也检测到了过氧化氢。虽然此前关于乳酸菌抗真菌活性的报道较少，但我们的结果支持了乳酸菌作为采后腐烂生物防治剂的潜力。
