Durante Marco
GSI, Biophysics Department, 1 Planckstrasse, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany.
Z Med Phys. 2008;18(4):244-52. doi: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2008.06.010.
Radiation exposure represents a serious hindrance for long-term interplanetary missions because of the high uncertainty on risk coefficients, and to the lack of simple countermeasures. Even if uncertainties in risk assessment will be reduced in the next few years, there is little doubt that appropriate countermeasures have to be taken to reduce the exposure or the biological damage produced by cosmic radiation. In addition, it is necessary to provide effective countermeasures against solar particle events, which can produce acute effects, even life threatening, for inadequately protected crews. Strategies that may prove to be effective in reducing exposure, or the effects of the irradiation, include shielding, administration of drugs or dietary supplements to reduce the radiation effects, crew selection based on a screening of individual radiation sensitivity. It is foreseeable that research in passive and active radiation shielding, radioprotective chemicals, and individual susceptibility will boost in the next years to provide efficient countermeasures to the space radiation threat.
由于风险系数存在高度不确定性，且缺乏简单的应对措施，辐射暴露对长期行星际任务构成了严重阻碍。即使在未来几年风险评估的不确定性会降低，但毫无疑问，必须采取适当的应对措施来减少宇宙辐射造成的暴露或生物损伤。此外，有必要针对太阳粒子事件提供有效的应对措施，对于防护不足的宇航员来说，太阳粒子事件可能会产生急性影响，甚至危及生命。在减少辐射暴露或辐射影响方面可能有效的策略包括屏蔽、服用药物或膳食补充剂以减轻辐射影响、基于个体辐射敏感性筛查进行宇航员选拔。可以预见，未来几年在被动和主动辐射屏蔽、辐射防护化学品以及个体易感性方面的研究将会增加，以便为太空辐射威胁提供有效的应对措施。
