Kuczewski Mark G
Neiswanger Institute for Bioethics and Health Policy, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
Theor Med Bioeth. 2009;30(1):45-54. doi: 10.1007/s11017-009-9095-3.
I explore the possible meanings that the notion of the common morality can have in a contemporary communitarian approach to ethics and public policy. The common morality can be defined as the conditions for shared pursuit of the good or as the values, deliberations, traditions, and common construction of the narrative of a people. The former sense sees the common morality as the universal and invariant structures of morality while the second sense is much more contingent in nature. Nevertheless, the communitarian sees both aspects as integral in devising solutions to public policy problems. I outline how both meanings follow from communitarian philosophical anthropology and illustrate how they work together when addressing a question such as that of providing universal health insurance in the United States. The common morality forms the basis of building an implicit consensus that is available to and reaffirmed by the shared reflections of the citizenry.
我探讨了共同道德观念在当代社群主义伦理学和公共政策方法中可能具有的含义。共同道德可以被定义为共同追求善的条件，或者被定义为一个民族的价值观、审议、传统以及叙事的共同构建。前一种意义将共同道德视为道德的普遍且不变的结构，而后一种意义在本质上则更具偶然性。然而，社群主义者认为这两个方面在设计公共政策问题的解决方案时都是不可或缺的。我概述了这两种含义如何源自社群主义哲学人类学，并举例说明了在解决诸如美国提供全民医疗保险这样的问题时它们是如何共同发挥作用的。共同道德构成了建立一种隐性共识的基础，这种共识可供公民共同思考并得到他们的再次确认。
