Evans Thomas John
Division of Immunology, Infection & Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
Future Microbiol. 2009 Feb;4(1):65-75. doi: 10.2217/17460913.4.1.65.
Recognition of bacterial infection is the first key step to the initiation of an inflammatory response and host defense. Transmembrane proteins of the Toll-like receptor family have long been recognized as key detectors of the extracellular presence of pathogens. Recently, much research has identified a variety of intracellular detectors that also mediate innate immune responses following bacterial infection. These cannot only recognize bacteria that invade the cell cytoplasm, but also a variety of bacterial products that are introduced into cells by specialized secretion systems or are secreted toxins. This article will focus on these intracellular detectors and the bacterial components that they recognize. These detectors are particularly well adapted to recognize the presence of pathogenic bacteria as opposed to commensal organisms. Their growing importance suggests that targeting such intracellular pathways may be important in the future for manipulating the immune response to infection as an aid to augmenting host defense and providing more effective vaccines.
识别细菌感染是引发炎症反应和宿主防御的首要关键步骤。Toll样受体家族的跨膜蛋白长期以来一直被认为是病原体细胞外存在的关键检测因子。最近，大量研究已经确定了多种细胞内检测因子，它们在细菌感染后也介导先天性免疫反应。这些检测因子不仅能识别侵入细胞质的细菌，还能识别通过特殊分泌系统引入细胞或分泌毒素的多种细菌产物。本文将重点关注这些细胞内检测因子及其识别的细菌成分。与共生生物相比，这些检测因子特别适合识别病原菌的存在。它们日益重要，这表明靶向此类细胞内途径在未来对于操纵感染的免疫反应以增强宿主防御和提供更有效的疫苗可能很重要。
