Albiger B, Dahlberg S, Henriques-Normark B, Normark S
Medical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
J Intern Med. 2007 Jun;261(6):511-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01821.x.
The innate immunity plays a critical role in host protection against pathogens and it relies amongst others on pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains proteins (NOD-like receptors, NLRs) to alert the immune system of the presence of invading bacteria. Since their recent discovery less than a decade ago, both TLRs and NLRs have been shown to be crucial in host protection against microbial infections but also in homeostasis of the colonizing microflora. They recognize specific microbial ligands and with the use of distinct adaptor molecules, they activate different signalling pathways that in turns trigger subsequent inflammatory and immune responses that allows a immediate response towards bacterial infections and the initiation of the long-lasting adaptive immunity. In this review, we will focus on the role of the TLRs against bacterial infections in humans in contrast to mice that have been used extensively in experimental models of infections and discuss their role in controlling normal flora or nonpathogenic bacteria. We also highlight how bacteria can evade recognition by TLRs.
固有免疫在宿主抵御病原体的过程中发挥着关键作用，它尤其依赖于模式识别受体，如Toll样受体（TLRs）和核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白（NOD样受体，NLRs），以提醒免疫系统入侵细菌的存在。自近十年前被发现以来，TLRs和NLRs已被证明在宿主抵御微生物感染以及在定植微生物群的稳态维持中都至关重要。它们识别特定的微生物配体，并通过使用不同的衔接分子，激活不同的信号通路，进而触发后续的炎症和免疫反应，从而对细菌感染做出即时反应并启动持久的适应性免疫。在本综述中，我们将重点关注TLRs在人类抵抗细菌感染中的作用，与在感染实验模型中被广泛使用的小鼠形成对比，并讨论它们在控制正常菌群或非致病性细菌方面的作用。我们还将强调细菌如何逃避TLRs的识别。
