Stecco Carla, Lancerotto Luca, Porzionato Andrea, Macchi Veronica, Tiengo Cesare, Parenti Anna, Sanudo Jose Ramon, De Caro Raffaele
Section of Anatomy, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Clin Anat. 2009 Mar;22(2):221-9. doi: 10.1002/ca.20747.
The palmaris longus (PL) is a muscle of the forearm with a long distal tendon that is continuous with the palmar aponeurosis (PA). It is generally assumed that the muscle lies deep to the antebrachial fascia from origin to termination, but a detailed description is lacking. The relationship of the PL tendon with the antebrachial fascia was studied in 30 dissections. The PL was completely absent in six specimens (20%), whereas the PA was identified in all. Average length of the forearm was 25.5 cm (SD: 2.1 cm, range 22-29 cm), overall length of the PL muscle 26.9 cm (SD: 2.6 cm, range 22.5-31.5 cm), muscular belly 13.8 cm (SD: 3.4 cm, range 9.5-23 cm), tendon 13.1 cm (SD: 3.3 cm, range 8-15.5 cm). Proximally, the PL was situated deep to the antebrachial fascia, then in the lower third of the forearm its tendon perforated the antebrachial fascia (at 4.7 +/- 1.7 cm from the bistyloid line) moving to a suprafascial plane, inserting in the PA. The PA could be divided into two layers: the superficial one formed by longitudinal fibers and adherent to the skin, the deep one formed by transverse fibers continuous laterally with the deep fascia of the hand. The PL tendon was found to be in continuity only with the longitudinal fibers of the PA. Based on the anatomical findings, it may be suggested that the superficial part of the PA is situated in the subcutaneous planes of the palm, and that the muscle should be considered as a tensor of the superficial fascial system of the subcutaneous tissue.
掌长肌是前臂的一块肌肉，其远端肌腱较长，与掌腱膜相连。一般认为，该肌肉从起点到止点均位于前臂筋膜深层，但缺乏详细描述。在30例解剖中研究了掌长肌腱与前臂筋膜的关系。6个标本（20%）中掌长肌完全缺如，但所有标本均能识别掌腱膜。前臂平均长度为25.5 cm（标准差：2.1 cm，范围22 - 29 cm），掌长肌全长26.9 cm（标准差：2.6 cm，范围22.5 - 31.5 cm），肌腹13.8 cm（标准差：3.4 cm，范围9.5 - 23 cm），肌腱13.1 cm（标准差：3.3 cm，范围8 - 15.5 cm）。近端，掌长肌位于前臂筋膜深层，然后在前臂下1/3处其肌腱穿破前臂筋膜（距双髁线4.7±1.7 cm），移至筋膜上平面，止于掌腱膜。掌腱膜可分为两层：浅层由纵向纤维构成，与皮肤相连，深层由横向纤维构成，向外侧与手部深筋膜连续。发现掌长肌腱仅与掌腱膜的纵向纤维连续。根据解剖学发现，提示掌腱膜浅层位于手掌皮下平面，该肌肉应被视为皮下组织浅筋膜系统的张肌。
