Hirschberger Gilad, Pyszczynski Thomas, Ein-Dor Tsachi
Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 May;35(5):597-607. doi: 10.1177/0146167208331093. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
Three studies examined whether perceived adversary intent and personal vulnerability moderate the effects of mortality salience (MS) on violent solutions to conflict. In Study 1, following MS, Israeli participants read a description of de-escalating or escalating Iranian rhetoric. In Study 2, following MS, Israeli participants read about tensions with Iran and reflected on the personal ramifications of the conflict or on the content of the passage. In Study 3, Israeli participants with direct war exposure were compared to participants with no war exposure, and following MS, read a description of escalating or de-escalating Hezbollah rhetoric. Results revealed that MS increased support of violence under escalating conditions and low perceived vulnerability. However, for persons with direct war exposure, MS induced support of violence contingent on adversary rhetoric. Thus, direct experience with war leads to a more nuanced contingent response to existential threat not present among those without direct war experience.
三项研究考察了感知到的对手意图和个人易受伤害性是否会缓和死亡凸显（MS）对冲突暴力解决方案的影响。在研究1中，在经历MS后，以色列参与者阅读了关于伊朗言辞缓和或升级的描述。在研究2中，在经历MS后，以色列参与者阅读了与伊朗的紧张关系，并思考了冲突对个人的影响或文章的内容。在研究3中，将有直接战争经历的以色列参与者与没有战争经历的参与者进行比较，在经历MS后，他们阅读了关于真主党言辞升级或缓和的描述。结果显示，在局势升级和低感知易受伤害性的情况下，MS增加了对暴力的支持。然而，对于有直接战争经历的人来说，MS引发的对暴力的支持取决于对手的言辞。因此，直接的战争经历会导致对生存威胁产生更细微的条件性反应，而这种反应在没有直接战争经历的人当中不存在。
