Kinateder Max T, Kuligowski Erica D, Reneke Paul A, Peacock Richard D
Department of Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown Unversity, Providence, RI USA.
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA.
Fire Sci Rev. 2015;4(1):1. doi: 10.1186/s40038-014-0005-z. Epub 2015 Jan 8.
Risk perception (RP) is studied in many research disciplines (e.g., safety engineering, psychology, and sociology). Definitions of RP can be broadly divided into expectancy-value and risk-as-feeling approaches. In the present review, RP is seen as the personalization of the risk related to a current event, such as an ongoing fire emergency; it is influenced by emotions and prone to cognitive biases. We differentiate RP from other related concepts (e.g., situation awareness) and introduce theoretical frameworks relevant to RP in fire evacuation (e.g., Protective Action Decision Model and Heuristic-Systematic approaches). Furthermore, we review studies on RP during evacuation with a focus on the World Trade Center evacuation on September 11, 2001 and present factors modulating RP as well as the relation between perceived risk and protective actions. We summarize the factors that influence perception risk and discuss the direction of these relationships (i.e., positive or negative influence, or inconsequential) and conclude with presenting limitations of this review and an outlook on future research.
风险感知（RP）在许多研究学科（如安全工程、心理学和社会学）中都有研究。RP的定义大致可分为期望价值法和风险即感觉法。在本综述中，RP被视为与当前事件（如正在发生的火灾紧急情况）相关的风险的个性化；它受情绪影响且容易出现认知偏差。我们将RP与其他相关概念（如态势感知）区分开来，并介绍火灾疏散中与RP相关的理论框架（如保护行动决策模型和启发式-系统式方法）。此外，我们回顾了疏散过程中关于RP的研究，重点是2001年9月11日世界贸易中心的疏散，并介绍了调节RP的因素以及感知风险与保护行动之间的关系。我们总结了影响感知风险的因素，讨论了这些关系的方向（即正向或负向影响，或无关紧要），并在最后指出本综述的局限性以及对未来研究的展望。
