Farlinger Chris Mj, Fowles Jonathon R
School of Recreation Management and Kinesiology, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2008 Jun;3(2):185-98. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.3.2.185.
To determine the effectiveness of a progressively "skating specific" periodized off-season training program on skating performance in competitive hockey players.
Twenty (M = 18; F = 2) highly skilled hockey players (age 15.9 +/- 1.5 yr) completed 16 wk of standardized resistance and stability training supplemented with either off-ice simulated skating using the SkateSIM (SIM) or plyometric training (PLY) in a crossover design. Group 1 (PLY-SIM; N = 11) completed 8 wk of PLY followed by 8 wk of SIM. Group 2 (SIM-PLY; N = 9) completed 8 wk of SIM followed by 8 wk of PLY. Subjects completed on- and off-ice testing PRE, MID, and POST training.
Significant improvements in on-ice 35-m skating sprint (1.0%; P = .009) with significant improvements of 5% to 12% in various off-ice testing measures were observed PRE-MID in both groups. While few off-ice tests improved MID-POST, on-ice 35-m skating sprint times improved MID-POST by 2.3% (P = .000) with greater improvement in PLYSIM (3.5%) versus SIM-PLY (0.8%; P < .002). Off-ice 30-m sprint (r = 0.56; P = .010) and Edgren side shuffle (r = -0.46; P < .040) were the only off-ice tests that significantly correlated to improvements in on-ice skating sprint performance.
The initial gains PRE-MID and then the lack of improvement in many off-ice tests from the MID-POST supports the principle of diminishing returns in response to standardized resistance training. The improvement in on-ice skating sprint performance when supplemental training progressed in specificity supports the principle of specificity and promotes transfer to a complex sporting movement such as skating.
确定一个逐步“针对滑冰专项”的周期性非赛季训练计划对竞技曲棍球运动员滑冰表现的有效性。
二十名（男性 = 18名；女性 = 2名）技术高超的曲棍球运动员（年龄15.9 ± 1.5岁）以交叉设计完成了16周的标准化阻力和稳定性训练，并辅以使用SkateSIM进行的冰上模拟滑冰训练（SIM组）或增强式训练（PLY组）。第1组（PLY - SIM组；N = 11）先进行8周的PLY训练，然后进行8周的SIM训练。第2组（SIM - PLY组；N = 9）先进行8周的SIM训练，然后进行8周的PLY训练。受试者在训练前、训练中期和训练后完成了冰上和冰下测试。
两组在训练前至训练中期均观察到冰上35米滑冰冲刺成绩有显著提高（1.0%；P = 0.009），各种冰下测试指标有5%至12%的显著提高。虽然从训练中期到训练后期很少有冰下测试成绩得到改善，但冰上35米滑冰冲刺时间在训练中期到训练后期提高了2.3%（P = 0.000），其中PLY - SIM组（3.5%）的提高幅度大于SIM - PLY组（0.8%；P < 0.002）。冰下30米冲刺（r = 0.56；P = 0.010）和埃德格伦侧向移步（r = -0.46；P < 0.040）是仅有的与冰上滑冰冲刺成绩提高显著相关的冰下测试项目。
训练前至训练中期的初始收益以及训练中期到训练后期许多冰下测试成绩缺乏提高，支持了标准化阻力训练中收益递减的原则。当补充训练在专项性方面不断推进时，冰上滑冰冲刺成绩的提高支持了专项性原则，并促进了向如滑冰这样复杂体育动作的迁移。
