Boulet John R, Smee Sydney M, Dillon Gerard F, Gimpel John R
Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (J.R.B.), Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Simul Healthc. 2009 Spring;4(1):35-42. doi: 10.1097/SIH.0b013e318182fc6c.
Although standardized patients have been employed for formative assessment for over 40 years, their use in high-stakes medical licensure examinations has been a relatively recent phenomenon. As part of the medical licensure process in the United States and Canada, the clinical skills of medical students, medical school graduates, and residents are evaluated in a simulated clinical environment. All of the evaluations attempt to provide the public with some assurance that the person who achieves a passing score has the knowledge and/or requisite skills to provide safe and effective medical services. Although the various standardized patient-based licensure examinations differ somewhat in terms of purpose, content, and scope, they share many commonalities. More important, given the extensive research that was conducted to support these testing initiatives, combined with their success in promoting educational activities and in identifying individuals with clinical skills deficiencies, they provide a framework for validating new simulation modalities and extending simulation-based assessment into other areas.
尽管标准化病人已被用于形成性评估40多年，但它们在高风险的医学执照考试中的应用却是相对较新的现象。作为美国和加拿大医学执照发放过程的一部分，医学生、医学院毕业生和住院医师的临床技能在模拟临床环境中进行评估。所有这些评估都试图向公众保证，获得及格分数的人具备提供安全有效医疗服务的知识和/或必要技能。尽管各种基于标准化病人的执照考试在目的、内容和范围方面略有不同，但它们有许多共同之处。更重要的是，鉴于为支持这些测试举措进行了广泛研究，再加上它们在促进教育活动和识别临床技能不足者方面取得的成功，它们为验证新的模拟方式以及将基于模拟的评估扩展到其他领域提供了一个框架。
