Brown Daniel E, Hampson Sarah E, Dubanoski Joan P, Murai Amy Stone, Hillier Teresa A
Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 200 W. Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091, USA.
Am J Hum Biol. 2009 May-Jun;21(3):383-8. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.20889.
This study determined ethnic differences in anthropometric measures of a sample of adults in Hawaii, examining the effects of differing degrees of ethnic admixing and socioeconomic status (SES) on the measures. Adults who had attended elementary school in Hawaii underwent anthropometric measurements and answered questionnaires about their educational attainment, income, age, cultural identity, ethnic ancestry, and health. Individuals reporting Asian American cultural identity had significantly lower mean body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) than others, whereas those with Hawaiian/Pacific Islander cultural identity had significantly higher BMI and WC. Educational attainment, but not reported family income and age, was significantly related to BMI and WC, and differences in educational attainment accounted for the increased mean BMI and WC in Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders, but did not account for the lower mean BMI and WC among Asian Americans. Higher percentage of Asian ancestry was significantly correlated with lower BMI and WC, whereas higher percentage of Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ancestry was significantly correlated with increased BMI and WC. Differences in education accounted for the significantly increased BMI in participants with a higher percentage of Hawaiian/Pacific Islander ancestry, but did not entirely account for the lower BMI in individuals with a higher percentage of Asian American ancestry. These results suggest that the high rate of obesity and its sequelae seen in Pacific Islanders may be more a result of socioeconomic status and lifestyle than of genetic propensity, whereas the lower rates of obesity observed in Asian American populations are less directly influenced by socioeconomic factors.
本研究确定了夏威夷成年人样本在人体测量指标上的种族差异，考察了不同程度的种族混合和社会经济地位（SES）对这些指标的影响。曾在夏威夷上小学的成年人接受了人体测量，并回答了有关其教育程度、收入、年龄、文化认同、种族血统和健康状况的问卷。报告具有亚裔美国人文化认同的个体，其平均体重指数（BMI）和腰围（WC）显著低于其他人，而具有夏威夷/太平洋岛民文化认同的个体，其BMI和WC则显著更高。教育程度与BMI和WC显著相关，但报告的家庭收入和年龄与BMI和WC无关，教育程度的差异解释了夏威夷/太平洋岛民平均BMI和WC的增加，但无法解释亚裔美国人中较低的平均BMI和WC。较高比例的亚洲血统与较低的BMI和WC显著相关，而较高比例的夏威夷/太平洋岛民血统与BMI和WC的增加显著相关。教育程度的差异解释了夏威夷/太平洋岛民血统比例较高的参与者中BMI显著增加的原因，但不能完全解释亚洲裔美国人血统比例较高的个体中BMI较低的原因。这些结果表明，太平洋岛民中肥胖率及其后遗症较高，可能更多是社会经济地位和生活方式的结果，而非遗传倾向所致，而亚裔美国人肥胖率较低受社会经济因素的直接影响较小。
