Schmidt-Hansen Mia, Killcross A S, Honey R C
School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Cogn Neuropsychiatry. 2009 Jan;14(1):11-29. doi: 10.1080/13546800802664539.
Previous research suggests that latent inhibition is reduced in patients with acute schizophrenia and in healthy participants with high levels of schizotypic characteristics. Other evidence indicates the disruption of a related effect (learned irrelevance) in patients with acute schizophrenia.
This study used a recently developed latent inhibition procedure, that avoids methodological limitations of previous studies, and a related learned irrelevance procedure to assess the relationship between these phenomena and schizotypic characteristics in undergraduate participants.
Participants preexposed to a letter (S) learnt the predictive relationship between that letter and another letter (X) slower than the relationship between a novel letter and X (a latent inhibition effect). Experiment 1 found reduced latent inhibition in the high schizotypy group after 10, but not 20 preexposures. In Experiment 2, participants preexposed to both S and X learnt a subsequent relationship between them slower than the relationship between a novel letter and X (a learned irrelevance effect). This effect was abolished in participants with high levels of schizotypy.
These results are both the first demonstration of abolished learned irrelevance and of a significant reduction in latent inhibition without employing an explicit masking task in participants with high levels of positive schizotypy.
先前的研究表明，急性精神分裂症患者以及具有高水平分裂型人格特征的健康参与者的潜伏抑制会降低。其他证据表明，急性精神分裂症患者存在相关效应（习得性无关）的破坏。
本研究使用了一种最近开发的潜伏抑制程序，该程序避免了先前研究的方法学局限性，以及一种相关的习得性无关程序，以评估这些现象与本科参与者的分裂型人格特征之间的关系。
预先接触字母（S）的参与者学习该字母与另一个字母（X）之间的预测关系比学习一个新字母与X之间的关系要慢（潜伏抑制效应）。实验1发现，在进行10次而非20次预先接触后，高分裂型人格组的潜伏抑制降低。在实验2中，预先接触S和X的参与者学习它们之间随后的关系比学习一个新字母与X之间的关系要慢（习得性无关效应）。这种效应在高分裂型人格的参与者中消失。
这些结果首次证明了在高阳性分裂型人格的参与者中，无需采用明确的掩蔽任务，习得性无关被消除，潜伏抑制显著降低。
