Morcillo Sopena F, Gutiérrez Laso A, Castillo Salinas F, Elorza Fernández D, Gresa Muñoz M, Fernández Lorenzo J R, Franco Fernández M L, López de Heredia Goya I, Losada Martínez A, Miracle I Echegoyen X, Moreno Hernando J, Pedraz Gracia C, Valls I Soler A
Grupo Surfactante y Patología Respiratoria (SuRespi) de la Sociedad Española de Neonatología, Valencia, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2009 Feb;70(2):137-42. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.08.003. Epub 2008 Nov 13.
To learn the characteristic of the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) that offer neonatal respiratory assistance in Spain.
A structured survey was developed and sent to all Spanish neonatal units to learn about the respiratory care offered in 2005.
A total of 96 Units answered the survey, with an estimated representatively of 63%, with a range from 3 to 92%, depending on the geographical area. Level IIIc Units were in the upper range. Answer the survey 26 units type IIb (27%), 16 IIIa (17%), 40 IIIb (42%) and 14 IIIc (14%). The total number of level III NICU beds was 541 (1.2 beds per 1000 livebirths; range, 0.7-1.7). The mean number of beds per NICU was 4.1 in level IIIa Units, 2.8 in those IIIb and 14.6 in type IIIc NICUs. In level III NICUs, the bed per physician ratio was 2.4 and that of beds per registered nurse was 2.8 (2.2 in level IIIc NICUs). There were a total 13,219 admissions, 54% of those needed mechanical ventilation (36% in IIIa and 65% in level IIIc NICUs). Oxygen blenders for resuscitation at birth were available in 42% of level IIIb and IIIc NICUs. NICUs had one neonatal ventilator per bed, and 63% of units had high frequency ventilation available. All units had nasal-CPAP systems, 25% of level IIIa Units, 58% IIIb and 64% of those type IIIc had systems for nasal ventilation. All level IIIc and 93% of level IIIb NICUs were able to provide inhaled nitric oxygen therapy. Four NICUS offered ECMO.
The mean number of NICU beds per 1000 livebirths is within the lower limits of those been recommended, and there were wide variations among different geographical areas. A 54% of those babies admitted to NICUs required mechanical ventilation. The mean number of NICU beds per registered nurse was 2.8. There was an adequate number of neonatal ventilators (one per bed) and 63% were able to provide HFV. All NICUs hand n-CPAP systems.
了解西班牙提供新生儿呼吸支持的新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的特点。
设计了一份结构化调查问卷，并发送给所有西班牙新生儿病房，以了解2005年提供的呼吸护理情况。
共有96个病房回复了调查问卷，估计代表性为63%，根据地理区域不同，范围在3%至92%之间。IIIc级病房处于较高范围。回复调查问卷的有26个IIb型病房（27%）、16个IIIa型病房（17%）、40个IIIb型病房（42%）和14个IIIc型病房（14%）。III级NICU病床总数为541张（每1000例活产1.2张病床；范围为0.7 - 1.7张）。IIIa级病房每个NICU的平均床位数为4.1张，IIIb级为2.8张，IIIc型NICU为14.6张。在III级NICU中，病床与医生的比例为2.4，病床与注册护士的比例为2.8（IIIc级NICU为2.2）。共有13219例入院病例，其中54%需要机械通气（IIIa级为36%，IIIc级NICU为65%）。42%的IIIb级和IIIc级NICU备有出生时复苏用的氧气混合器。NICU每张病床配备一台新生儿呼吸机，63%的病房可提供高频通气。所有病房都有鼻持续气道正压通气（n-CPAP）系统，25%的IIIa级病房、58%的IIIb级病房和64%的IIIc型病房有鼻通气系统。所有IIIc级和93%的IIIb级NICU能够提供吸入一氧化氮氧疗。有4个NICU提供体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）。
每1000例活产的NICU平均床位数处于推荐下限范围内，不同地理区域之间存在很大差异。入住NICU的婴儿中有54%需要机械通气。每张注册护士配备的NICU平均床位数为2.8张。有足够数量的新生儿呼吸机（每张病床一台），63%能够提供高频通气。所有NICU都有n-CPAP系统。
