Boomer Sarah M, Noll Katherine L, Geesey Gill G, Dutton Bryan E
Western Oregon University, Department of Biology, Monmouth, Oregon 97361, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2009 Apr;75(8):2464-75. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01802-08. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
In this study, glass rods suspended at the air-water interface in the runoff channel of Fairy Geyser, Yellowstone National Park, WY, were used as a substratum to promote the development of biofilms that resembled multilayered mat communities in the splash zone at the geyser's source. This approach enabled the establishment of the temporal relationship between the appearance of Cyanobacteria, which ultimately formed the outer green layer, and the development of a red underlayer containing Roseiflexus-like Chloroflexi. This is the first study to define time-dependent successional events involved in the development of differently colored layers within microbial mats associated with many thermal features in Yellowstone National Park. Initial (1-month) biofilms were localized below the air-water interface (60 to 70 degrees C), and the majority of retrieved bacterial sequence types were similar to Synechococcus and Thermus isolates. Biofilms then shifted, becoming established at and above the air-water interface after 3 months. During winter sampling (6 to 8 months), distinct reddish orange microcolonies were observed, consistent with the appearance of Roseiflexus-like sequences and bacteriochlorophyll a pigment signatures. Additionally, populations of Cyanobacteria diversified to include both unicellular and filamentous cell and sequence types. Distinct green and red layers were observed at 13 months. Planctomycetes-like sequences were also retrieved in high abundance from final biofilm layers and winter samples. Finally, biomass associated with geyser vent water contained Roseiflexus-like sequence types, in addition to other high-abundance sequence types retrieved from biofilm samples, supporting the idea that geothermal water serves as an inoculum for these habitats.
在本研究中，位于怀俄明州黄石国家公园仙女喷泉径流通道空气 - 水界面处悬浮的玻璃棒被用作基质，以促进生物膜的形成，该生物膜类似于喷泉源头飞溅区的多层垫状群落。这种方法能够确定蓝细菌（最终形成外层绿色层）的出现与含有类玫瑰弯菌的绿弯菌纲红色底层的发育之间的时间关系。这是第一项定义黄石国家公园许多热特征相关微生物垫内不同颜色层发育过程中随时间变化的演替事件的研究。初始（1个月）生物膜位于空气 - 水界面以下（60至70摄氏度），检索到的大多数细菌序列类型与聚球藻属和栖热菌属分离株相似。3个月后，生物膜发生转移，在空气 - 水界面及以上形成。在冬季采样（6至8个月）期间，观察到明显的红橙色微菌落，这与类玫瑰弯菌序列和细菌叶绿素a色素特征的出现一致。此外，蓝细菌种群多样化，包括单细胞和丝状细胞及序列类型。在13个月时观察到明显的绿色和红色层。在最终生物膜层和冬季样本中也大量检索到类浮霉菌序列。最后，与喷泉喷口水体相关的生物量除了含有从生物膜样本中检索到的其他高丰度序列类型外，还含有类玫瑰弯菌序列类型，这支持了地热水是这些栖息地接种源的观点。
