Division of Invertebrate Zoology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY, 10024, USA.
Department of Ecological Developmental Adaptability Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
Extremophiles. 2024 Aug 31;28(3):43. doi: 10.1007/s00792-024-01358-y.
We acquired and analyzed metagenome and 16S/18S rRNA gene amplicon data of green-colored microbial mats from two hot springs within the Onikobe geothermal region (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan). The two collection sites-Tamago and Warabi-were in proximity and had the same temperature (40 °C), but the Tamago site was connected to a nearby stream, whereas the Warabi site was isolated. Both the amplicon and metagenome data suggest the bacterial, especially cyanobacterial, dominance of the mats; other abundant groups include Chloroflexota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota/Chlorobiota, and Deinococcota. At finer resolution, however, the taxonomic composition entirely differed between the mats. A total of 5 and 21 abundant bacterial 16S rRNA gene OTUs were identified for Tamago and Warabi, respectively; of these, 12 are putative chlorophyll- or rhodopsin-based phototrophs. The presence of phylogenetically diverse microbial eukaryotes was noted, with ciliates and amoebozoans being the most abundant eukaryote groups for Tamago and Warabi, respectively. Fifteen metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were obtained, represented by 13 bacteria, one ciliate (mitochondrion), and one giant virus. A total of 15 novel taxa, including a new deeply branching Chlorobiota species, is noted from the amplicon and MAG data, highlighting the importance of environmental sequencing in uncovering hidden microorganisms.
我们从日本宫城县的大谷贝热地域内的两个温泉中获取并分析了呈绿色的微生物垫的宏基因组和 16S/18S rRNA 基因扩增子数据。两个采集点——玉子和蕨——地理位置相近，温度相同（40°C），但玉子点与附近的溪流相连，而蕨点则孤立。扩增子和宏基因组数据都表明，垫子中细菌，特别是蓝细菌，占主导地位；其他丰富的群体包括绿弯菌门、假单胞菌门、拟杆菌门/Chlorobiota 和厚壁菌门/Deinococcota。然而，在更精细的分辨率下，垫子之间的分类组成完全不同。玉子和蕨分别鉴定出 5 个和 21 个丰富的细菌 16S rRNA 基因 OTUs；其中，12 个是假定的基于叶绿素或视紫红质的光养生物。注意到存在系统发育多样的微生物真核生物，其中纤毛虫和肉足虫分别是玉子和蕨的最丰富的真核生物群体。获得了 15 个宏基因组组装基因组（MAG），代表 13 种细菌、一种纤毛虫（线粒体）和一种巨型病毒。从扩增子和 MAG 数据中总共发现了 15 个新的分类群，包括一个新的深分支的 Chlorobiota 物种，这突出了环境测序在揭示隐藏微生物方面的重要性。
