Bartova Petra, Skoloudik David, Bar Michal, Ressner Pavel, Hlustik Petr, Herzig Roman, Kanovsky Petr
Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2008 Dec;152(2):251-8. doi: 10.5507/bp.2008.039.
Transcranial sonography (TCS) in the B-mode has the ability to image, infratentorial and supratentorial brain structures. For this reason, it has potential use in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of various intracranial pathologies.
The authors reviewed the contribution of TCS to the differentiation of a number of neurodegenerative diseases: in parkinsonian syndromes, TCS can evaluate echogenicity changes in specific structures such as the hyperechogenic area of the substantia nigra (SN) in Parkinson's disease and the hyperechogenic caudate nucleus in Huntington's disease as well as the hyperechogenic lentiform nucleus (LN) in dystonia and Wilson's disease. In parkinson-plus syndromes, TCS may detect changes in width of the third ventricle and of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricle. The hyperechogenic SN can also be used in healthy populations as a marker of subclinical injury to the nigrostriatal system.
TCS is a quick, safe and non-invasive method. It could be helpful in differentiation between several movement disorders together with clinical examination and other neuroimaging methods.
B 型经颅超声检查（TCS）能够对幕下和幕上脑结构进行成像。因此，它在各种颅内病变的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有潜在用途。
作者回顾了 TCS 在多种神经退行性疾病鉴别诊断中的作用：在帕金森综合征中，TCS 可评估特定结构的回声变化，如帕金森病中黑质（SN）的高回声区、亨廷顿病中高回声的尾状核以及肌张力障碍和威尔逊病中高回声的豆状核（LN）。在帕金森叠加综合征中，TCS 可能检测到第三脑室和侧脑室额角宽度的变化。高回声的 SN 也可在健康人群中用作黑质纹状体系统亚临床损伤的标志物。
TCS 是一种快速、安全且无创的方法。它结合临床检查和其他神经影像学方法，可能有助于鉴别几种运动障碍。
