Thorne James H, Girvetz Evan H, McCoy Michael C
Information Center for the Environment, University of California, 2132 Wickson Hall, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Environ Manage. 2009 May;43(5):936-48. doi: 10.1007/s00267-008-9246-8. Epub 2009 Feb 14.
This study presents a GIS-based database framework used to assess aggregate terrestrial habitat impacts from multiple highway construction projects in California, USA. Transportation planners need such impact assessment tools to effectively address additive biological mitigation obligations. Such assessments can reduce costly delays due to protracted environmental review. This project incorporated the best available statewide natural resource data into early project planning and preliminary environmental assessments for single and multiple highway construction projects, and provides an assessment of the 10-year state-wide mitigation obligations for the California Department of Transportation. Incorporation of these assessments will facilitate early and more strategic identification of mitigation opportunities, for single-project and regional mitigation efforts. The data architecture format uses eight spatial scales: six nested watersheds, counties, and transportation planning districts, which were intersected. This resulted in 8058 map planning units statewide, which were used to summarize all subsequent analyses. Range maps and georeferenced locations of federally and state-listed plants and animals and a 55-class landcover map were spatially intersected with the planning units and the buffered spatial footprint of 967 funded projects. Projected impacts were summarized and output to the database. Queries written in the database can sum expected impacts and provide summaries by individual construction project, or by watershed, county, transportation district or highway. The data architecture allows easy incorporation of new information and results in a tool usable without GIS by a wide variety of agency biologists and planners. The data architecture format would be useful for other types of regional planning.
本研究提出了一种基于地理信息系统（GIS）的数据库框架，用于评估美国加利福尼亚州多个公路建设项目对陆地栖息地的总体影响。交通规划者需要此类影响评估工具，以有效履行累积的生物缓解义务。此类评估可减少因冗长的环境审查而导致的代价高昂的延误。该项目将全州现有的最佳自然资源数据纳入单个和多个公路建设项目的早期项目规划和初步环境评估中，并为加利福尼亚州交通运输部提供了对全州10年缓解义务的评估。纳入这些评估将有助于在单个项目和区域缓解工作中尽早且更具战略性地识别缓解机会。数据架构格式使用八个空间尺度：六个嵌套的流域、县和交通规划区，这些区域相互交叉。这在全州范围内产生了8058个地图规划单元，用于汇总所有后续分析。联邦和州列出的动植物的分布图和地理参考位置以及一幅55类土地覆盖图与规划单元以及967个已资助项目的缓冲空间足迹在空间上进行了交叉。预计的影响被汇总并输出到数据库中。数据库中编写的查询可以汇总预期影响，并按单个建设项目、流域、县、交通区或公路提供汇总信息。该数据架构允许轻松纳入新信息，并形成一种可供各种机构的生物学家和规划者在不使用GIS的情况下使用的工具。该数据架构格式对其他类型的区域规划也将有用。
