McGrath John J, Susser Ezra S
Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD.
Med J Aust. 2009 Feb 16;190(S4):S7-9. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02366.x.
New primary data and systematic reviews have prompted the review of some long-held views about the epidemiology of schizophrenia. The incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia show prominent variation between locations. Males are more likely to develop schizophrenia than females (1.4 : 1). Migrant status, urban birth or residence, and advanced paternal age are associated with an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. Prenatal infection and nutrition are associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia. Individuals with schizophrenia have a 2-3-fold increased mortality risk compared with the general population. This differential mortality gap may have worsened in recent decades. Epidemiology is good for generating candidate exposures but poor at proving them. Cross-disciplinary projects between epidemiology and neuroscience may help us understand the pathways leading to schizophrenia.
新的原始数据和系统评价促使人们重新审视一些长期以来关于精神分裂症流行病学的观点。精神分裂症的发病率和患病率在不同地区存在显著差异。男性比女性更易患精神分裂症（比例为1.4:1）。移民身份、城市出生或居住以及父亲年龄较大与患精神分裂症的风险增加有关。产前感染和营养与精神分裂症风险增加有关。与普通人群相比，精神分裂症患者的死亡风险增加了2至3倍。近几十年来，这种死亡率差异可能有所加剧。流行病学有助于找出潜在的暴露因素，但在证明这些因素方面能力不足。流行病学与神经科学之间的跨学科项目可能有助于我们理解导致精神分裂症的途径。
