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了解避孕失败的原因。

Understanding contraceptive failure.

机构信息

Office of Population Research, 202 Wallace Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

出版信息

Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009 Apr;23(2):199-209. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.11.008. Epub 2009 Feb 14.

DOI:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.11.008
PMID:19223239
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3638203/
Abstract

Contraceptive failure is a major source of unintended pregnancy. This chapter will review sources of data and measurement of contraceptive failure, summarize results from the literature on the risks of contraceptive failure during typical and perfect use for available methods of contraception, provide a tool for communicating risks of contraceptive failure to clients, examine determinants of contraceptive failure, and identify methodological pitfalls in the published literature.

摘要

避孕失败是导致意外怀孕的主要原因。本章将回顾数据来源和避孕失败的测量方法，总结文献中关于现有避孕方法在典型和完美使用情况下避孕失败风险的结果，提供一种向客户传达避孕失败风险的工具，探讨避孕失败的决定因素，并识别已发表文献中的方法学陷阱。

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Understanding contraceptive failure.了解避孕失败的原因。
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Hum Reprod Update. 2011 Jan-Feb;17(1):121-37. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmq026. Epub 2010 Jul 15.
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Why do women experience untimed pregnancies? A review of contraceptive failure rates.为什么女性会经历意外怀孕？避孕失败率的综述。
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本文引用的文献

1
Communicating contraceptive effectiveness: an updated counseling chart.传达避孕效果：一份更新的咨询图表。
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jul;197(1):118. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.049.
2
Does meloxicam increase the incidence of anovulation induced by single administration of levonorgestrel in emergency contraception? A pilot study.美洛昔康会增加左炔诺孕酮单次给药用于紧急避孕时诱发无排卵的发生率吗？一项初步研究。
Hum Reprod. 2007 Feb;22(2):434-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/del369. Epub 2006 Sep 15.
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What is the seminal exposition among women requiring emergency contraception? A prospective, observational comparative study.
Provider bias and family planning in Upper Egypt: a simulated client approach.
上埃及地区的医疗服务提供者偏见与计划生育：一种模拟客户的方法。
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2023 Oct 1;98(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s42506-023-00144-6.
4
Patterns of contraceptive use through later reproductive years: A cohort study of Australian women with chronic disease.避孕方法在生育后期的使用模式：一项对患有慢性疾病的澳大利亚女性的队列研究。
PLoS One. 2023 May 3;18(5):e0268872. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268872. eCollection 2023.
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Improving rural and regional access to long-acting reversible contraception and medical abortion through nurse-led models of care, task-sharing and telehealth (ORIENT): a protocol for a stepped-wedge pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial in Australian general practice.通过护士主导的护理模式、任务分担和远程医疗，改善农村和地区获得长效可逆避孕和医疗性流产的机会（ORIENT）：澳大利亚全科医疗中一项基于阶梯式楔形实用集群随机对照试验的方案。
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6
Getting Up to Date with What Works: A Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Safety of Task Sharing of Modern Methods in Family Planning Services.跟上最新进展：关于现代计划生育服务中任务分担的有效性和安全性的系统评价。
Biomed Res Int. 2023 Feb 7;2023:8735563. doi: 10.1155/2023/8735563. eCollection 2023.
7
Quantifying the economic burden of unintended pregnancies due to drug-drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives from the United States payer perspective.从美国医保支付方的角度量化因激素避孕药药物相互作用导致意外怀孕的经济负担。
Gates Open Res. 2021 Nov 18;5:171. doi: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13430.1. eCollection 2021.
8
Co-design of a nurse-led model of care to increase access to medical abortion and contraception in rural and regional general practice: A protocol.以护士为主导的医疗模式共同设计，以增加农村和地区全科医疗中药物流产和避孕的可及性：研究方案。
Aust J Rural Health. 2022 Dec;30(6):876-883. doi: 10.1111/ajr.12937. Epub 2022 Oct 20.
9
Natural Family Planning, An Option in Reproductive Healthcare: A Qualitative Study on Clinicians' Perceptions.自然计划生育：生殖健康保健的一种选择——关于临床医生认知的定性研究
Linacre Q. 2022 Aug;89(3):298-318. doi: 10.1177/00243639221078070. Epub 2022 Mar 27.
10
Hormonal Contraception Use and Sexual Frequency across Young Women's Intimate Relationships.年轻女性亲密关系中激素避孕的使用与性行为频率
J Sex Res. 2023 Nov-Dec;60(9):1283-1296. doi: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2059649. Epub 2022 Apr 18.
对于需要紧急避孕的女性，具有开创性的阐述是什么？一项前瞻性观察性比较研究。
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Mar;131(1):57-60. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2006.04.017. Epub 2006 Jun 8.
4
Communicating contraceptive effectiveness: A randomized controlled trial to inform a World Health Organization family planning handbook.传达避孕效果：一项为世界卫生组织计划生育手册提供信息的随机对照试验。
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jul;195(1):85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.12.053. Epub 2006 Apr 19.
5
Efficacy and safety of a contraceptive vaginal ring (NuvaRing) compared with a combined oral contraceptive: a 1-year randomized trial.一种避孕阴道环（优思明阴道环）与复方口服避孕药相比的有效性和安全性：一项为期1年的随机试验。
Contraception. 2005 Mar;71(3):176-82. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2004.09.001.
6
A randomized trial of mifepristone (10 mg) and levonorgestrel for emergency contraception.米非司酮（10毫克）与左炔诺孕酮用于紧急避孕的随机试验。
Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;104(6):1307-13. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000146286.60138.47.
7
A randomized trial to compare 24 h versus 12 h double dose regimen of levonorgestrel for emergency contraception.一项比较左炔诺孕酮24小时与12小时双倍剂量方案用于紧急避孕的随机试验。
Hum Reprod. 2005 Jan;20(1):307-11. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deh583. Epub 2004 Nov 26.
8
Efficacy of the new TwoDay Method of family planning.新型计划生育两日法的功效
Fertil Steril. 2004 Oct;82(4):885-92. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.03.040.
9
Contraceptive effectiveness and safety of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides: a randomized trial.五种壬苯醇醚-9杀精剂的避孕效果与安全性：一项随机试验
Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Mar;103(3):430-9. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000113620.18395.0b.
10
The impact of improved compliance with a weekly contraceptive transdermal system (Ortho Evra) on contraceptive efficacy.提高对每周一次的避孕透皮系统（欧丝蕊）的依从性对避孕效果的影响。
Contraception. 2004 Mar;69(3):189-95. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.006.