Klein R, Klein B E, Linton K L, De Mets D L
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Ophthalmology. 1991 Aug;98(8):1310-5. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(91)32137-7.
Few current population-based data on visual impairment are available. Visual acuity and impairment were measured in 4926 people between the ages of 43 and 86 years in the defined population participating in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Visual acuity was measured after refraction, using standardized protocols. Of a possible maximum score of 70 (20/10), the mean number of letters correctly identified (right eye) varied from 55.7 (20/20, n = 1515) in people between the ages of 43 and 54 years to 41.2 (20/40, n = 795) in people 75 years of age or older. Age-specific mean visual acuity scores were consistently and significantly lower in women, who identified three fewer letters on the average than men. Rates of any visual impairment (20/40 or worse in the better eye) or legal blindness (20/200 or worse in the better eye), increased from 0.8% and 0.1%, respectively, in people between the ages of 43 and 54 years to 21.1% and 2.0%, respectively, in people 75 years of age or older. Multivariate analyses showed both sex (women) and age (older) to be significant and independent predictors of poorer visual acuity.
目前几乎没有基于人群的视力损害数据。在参加比弗迪姆眼研究的特定人群中，对4926名年龄在43至86岁之间的人进行了视力和视力损害测量。使用标准化方案在验光后测量视力。在可能的最高分数70分（20/10）中，正确识别字母的平均数量（右眼）在43至54岁的人群中为55.7（20/20，n = 1515），在75岁及以上的人群中为41.2（20/40，n = 795）。按年龄划分的平均视力得分在女性中始终显著较低，女性平均比男性少识别三个字母。任何视力损害（较好眼视力为20/40或更差）或法定失明（较好眼视力为20/200或更差）的发生率分别从43至54岁人群中的0.8%和0.1%增加到75岁及以上人群中的21.1%和2.0%。多变量分析表明，性别（女性）和年龄（较大）都是视力较差的重要且独立的预测因素。
