Attebo K, Mitchell P, Smith W
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sydney, Australia.
Ophthalmology. 1996 Mar;103(3):357-64. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30684-2.
The Blue Mountains Eye Study is a population-based study of vision and the causes of visual impairment and blindness in a well-defined urban, Australian population 49 years of age and older.
The logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity was measured before and after refraction in 3647 persons, representing an 88% response rate in two postcode areas in the Blue Mountains area, west of Sydney.
Refraction improved visual acuity by one or more lines in 45% of participants and by three or more lines in 13%. Visual impairment (visual acuity 20/40 or worse in the better eye) was found in 170 participants (4.7%). Mild visual impairment (Snellen equivalent 20/40 to 20/60 in the better eye) was found in 3.4% moderate visual impairment (20/80 to 20/160 in the better eye) in 0.6%, and severe visual impairment or blindness (20/200 or worse in the better eye) in 0.7%. Visual impairment increased with age from 0.8% of persons 49 to 54 years of age to 42% of persons 85 years of age or older. Visual impairment was significantly more frequent in females at all ages. Among persons with severe visual impairment, 79% were female. After adjusting for age, females were less likely to achieve 20/20 best-corrected visual acuity than males (odds ratio, 0.57; confidence interval, 0.48-0.66). After adjusting for age and sex, no association was found between visual acuity and socioeconomic status. Age-related macular degeneration was the cause of blindness in 21 of the 24 persons with corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse.
Increasing age and female sex were independent predictors of visual impairment.
蓝山眼科研究是一项基于人群的研究，针对澳大利亚一个明确界定的城市中49岁及以上人群的视力以及视力损害和失明的原因展开。
对3647人在验光前后测量了最小分辨角对数（logMAR）视力，这代表了悉尼以西蓝山地区两个邮政编码区域88%的应答率。
45%的参与者验光后视力提高了一行或多行，13%的参与者提高了三行或多行。170名参与者（4.7%）存在视力损害（较好眼视力为20/40或更差）。轻度视力损害（较好眼Snellen等效视力为20/40至20/60）占3.4%，中度视力损害（较好眼为20/80至20/160）占0.6%，重度视力损害或失明（较好眼为20/200或更差）占0.7%。视力损害随年龄增长而增加，从49至54岁人群中的0.8%增至85岁及以上人群中的42%。各年龄段女性的视力损害明显更为常见。在重度视力损害患者中，79%为女性。调整年龄后，女性获得20/20最佳矫正视力的可能性低于男性（优势比为0.57；置信区间为0.48 - 0.66）。调整年龄和性别后，未发现视力与社会经济地位之间存在关联。在24名矫正视力为20/200或更差的患者中，年龄相关性黄斑变性是21例失明的病因。
年龄增长和女性性别是视力损害的独立预测因素。
