Nikolić Biljana, Tesević Vele, Ethordević Iris, Marin Petar D, Bojović Srdjan
Institute of Forestry, Kneza Viseslava 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Chem Biodivers. 2009 Feb;6(2):193-203. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200800085.
This study is the first report on the composition and variability of essential oil in the relic, endemic, and vulnerable tree species Serbian spruce, Picea omorika, in its natural populations. In the needles of 108 trees of four natural populations, 49 components of essential oils were identified. The main compounds were bornyl acetate (29.2%), camphene (18.7%), and alpha-pinene (12.9%). Fourteen additional components had the contents of up to 0.5%: alpha-cadinol (6.1%), limonene (5.8%), santene (3.5%), (E)-hex-2-enal (2.9%), T-cadinol (2.9%), delta-cadinene (2.3%), tricyclene (2.1%), myrcene (1.6%), beta-pinene (1.2%), borneol (0.9%), germacrene D (0.9%), alpha-muurolene (0.6%), and two unidentified compounds. Population IV from Milesevka Canyon had a much higher content of bornyl acetate (42.9%). Populations I-III from Mt. Tara were more abundant in sesquiterpenes (up to 18.2%). The content of bornyl acetate, the multi-variation analyses according to seven selected components, especially the cluster analysis and genetic analysis of alpha-cadinol, which suggested the monogenic type of heredity, showed a clear differentiation of the two geographic areas, the similarity of populations I-III from the area of Mt. Tara, and the separation of the population IV from Milesevka Canyon.
本研究首次报道了珍稀、特有且濒危树种塞尔维亚云杉（Picea omorika）天然种群中精油的成分及其变异性。在来自四个天然种群的108棵树的针叶中，鉴定出了49种精油成分。主要成分是乙酸龙脑酯（29.2%）、莰烯（18.7%）和α-蒎烯（12.9%）。另外14种成分的含量高达0.5%：α-杜松醇（6.1%）、柠檬烯（5.8%）、檀香烯（3.5%）、（E）-己-2-烯醛（2.9%）、T-杜松醇（2.9%）、δ-杜松烯（2.3%）、三环烯（2.1%）、月桂烯（1.6%）、β-蒎烯（1.2%）、冰片（0.9%）、吉马烯D（0.9%）、α-穆罗烯（0.6%）以及两种未鉴定的化合物。来自米莱塞夫卡峡谷的种群IV中乙酸龙脑酯的含量要高得多（42.9%）。塔拉山上的种群I - III中倍半萜类物质含量更高（高达18.2%）。乙酸龙脑酯的含量、根据七种选定成分进行的多变量分析，尤其是α-杜松醇的聚类分析和遗传分析，表明其遗传类型为单基因，显示出两个地理区域的明显分化、塔拉山地区种群I - III的相似性以及米莱塞夫卡峡谷种群IV的分离。
