Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Clin Nurs. 2009 Mar;18(6):902-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02368.x.
The aim of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Nursing Workplace Relational Environment Scale (NWRES).
A positive relational environment in the workplace is characterised by a sense of connectedness and belonging, support and cooperation among colleagues, open communication and effectively managed conflict. A poor relational environment in the workplace may contribute to job dissatisfaction and early turnover of staff.
Quantitative survey.
A three-stage process was used to design and test the NWRES. In Stage 1, an extensive literature review was conducted on professional working relationships and the nursing work environment. Three key concepts; collegiality, workplace conflict and job satisfaction were identified and defined. In Stage 2, a pool of items was developed from the dimensions of each concept and formulated into a 35-item scale which was piloted on a convenience sample of 31 nurses. In Stage 3, the newly refined 28-item scale was administered randomly to a convenience sample of 150 nurses. Psychometric testing was conducted to establish the construct validity and reliability of the scale.
Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 22-item scale. The factor analysis indicated a four-factor structure: collegial behaviours, relational atmosphere, outcomes of conflict and job satisfaction which explained 68.12% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the NWRES was 0.872 and the subscales ranged from 0.781-0.927.
The results of the study confirm the reliability and validity of the NWRES. Replication of this study with a larger sample is indicated to determine relationships among the subscales.
The results of this study have implications for health managers in terms of understanding the impact of the relational environment of the workplace on job satisfaction and retention.
本研究旨在开发和测试护理工作场所关系环境量表（NWRES）的心理测量特性。
工作场所的积极关系环境的特点是同事之间的联系感和归属感、支持与合作、开放的沟通以及有效管理的冲突。工作场所关系环境差可能导致工作不满和员工提前离职。
定量调查。
采用三阶段过程设计和测试 NWRES。在第 1 阶段，对专业工作关系和护理工作环境进行了广泛的文献回顾。确定并定义了三个关键概念；同事关系、工作场所冲突和工作满意度。在第 2 阶段，从每个概念的维度开发了一组项目，并将其制定成一个 35 项的量表，对 31 名护士的便利样本进行了试点研究。在第 3 阶段，对 150 名护士的随机便利样本进行了新的精炼 28 项量表测试。进行心理测量测试以确定量表的建构有效性和可靠性。
探索性因素分析得出了一个 22 项的量表。因素分析表明，该量表有四个因素结构：同事关系行为、关系氛围、冲突结果和工作满意度，解释了总方差的 68.12%。NWRES 的 Cronbach's alpha 系数为 0.872，子量表范围为 0.781-0.927。
研究结果证实了 NWRES 的可靠性和有效性。需要更大的样本量来复制这项研究，以确定子量表之间的关系。
这项研究的结果对卫生管理人员具有重要意义，有助于理解工作场所关系环境对工作满意度和保留率的影响。
