Gundry Stephen W, Wright James A, Conroy Ronán M, Preez Martella Du, Genthe Bettina, Moyo Sibonginkosi, Mutisi Charles, Potgieter Natasha
Water and Health Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UB, UK.
J Water Health. 2009 Jun;7(2):259-66. doi: 10.2166/wh.2009.032.
The objective of this cohort study was to assess risk factors for child dysentery and watery diarrhoea. The study participants consisted of 254 children aged 12-24 months in rural South Africa and Zimbabwe in households where drinking water was collected from communal sources. The main outcome measure was the most severe diarrhoea episode: dysentery, watery diarrhoea or none. For dysentery, drinking water from sources other than standpipes had a relative risk ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.5-9.8). Poor source water quality, as indicated by Escherichia coli counts of 10 or more cfu 100 ml(-1), increased risk by 2.9 (1.5-5.7). There were no other significant risk factors for dysentery and none for watery diarrhoea. In this study, endemic dysentery is associated only with faecal contamination of source water. Sources other than standpipes, including improved groundwater, are of greater risk. Remediation of water quality by treatment at source or in the household will be required to achieve access to safe drinking water in accordance with the 7th Millennium Development Goal.
这项队列研究的目的是评估儿童痢疾和水样腹泻的风险因素。研究参与者包括南非农村地区和津巴布韦的254名12至24个月大的儿童，这些儿童所在家庭的饮用水取自公共水源。主要结局指标是最严重的腹泻发作情况：痢疾、水样腹泻或无腹泻。对于痢疾，取自立管以外水源的饮用水相对风险比为3.8（95%置信区间1.5 - 9.8）。水源水质差，即每100毫升水中大肠杆菌计数达到或超过10个菌落形成单位（cfu），风险增加2.9（1.5 - 5.7）。痢疾没有其他显著风险因素，水样腹泻也没有风险因素。在本研究中，地方性痢疾仅与水源水的粪便污染有关。立管以外的水源，包括经过改良的地下水，风险更大。为了按照千年发展目标7实现安全饮用水供应，需要通过源头处理或家庭处理来改善水质。
