Rumosa Gwaze F, Chimonyo M, Dzama K
Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, University of Fort Hare, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, P Bag X1314, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2009 Oct;41(7):1381-91. doi: 10.1007/s11250-009-9326-7. Epub 2009 Mar 1.
The objective of the study was to compare the functions and management systems of goats in Chirumanzu district in Zimbabwe and, Alfred Nzo and Amatole districts in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisal techniques and direct observations. In addition, structured questionnaires from 344 households as follows; 69 from Alfred Nzo district, 144 from Amatole district and 132 from Chirumanzu district were also used to retrieve information from farmers. There were more female goat owners in male-headed households in Chirumanzu (75%) than in Amatole (27%) and Alfred Nzo (30%). Mean goat flock sizes per household were markedly high in Amatole (14.0 +/- 0.31) and Alfred Nzo (14.1 +/- 1.42) as compared to Chirumanzu (4.7 +/- 0.30). There were positive correlations (r = 0.30 for Amatole, r = 0.34 for Alfred Nzo and r = 0.25 for Chirumanzu; P < 0.05) between goat flock sizes and cattle herd sizes kept per household. Seventy-nine and 78% of households in Amatole and Alfred Nzo kept goats mainly for initiation ceremonies, respectively. Nearly all (95%) of the households in Chirumanzu reared goats for household consumption. Goat houses in all the districts were poorly constructed. Farmers' perceptions showed that most goat mortalities were mainly caused by gastrointestinal parasites and tick-borne diseases, especially heartwater. About 29, 15 and 27% of households in Alfred Nzo, Amatole and Chirumanzu, respectively, owned bucks. There were no formal markets for goats in the three districts. Chirumanzu had more females owning goats than the other two districts. No adolescents owned goats in all the three districts. Adolescent boys participated in the management of goats more than adolescent girls across the three districts. Differences in the importance of goats among countries and regions should be borne in mind when designing goat improvement and rural development programmes.
该研究的目的是比较津巴布韦奇鲁曼祖区以及南非东开普省阿尔弗雷德·恩佐区和阿马托莱区山羊的功能和管理系统。数据通过参与式农村评估技术和直接观察收集。此外，还使用了来自344户家庭的结构化问卷，其中阿尔弗雷德·恩佐区69户、阿马托莱区144户、奇鲁曼祖区132户，以从农民那里获取信息。在奇鲁曼祖，男性户主家庭中女性山羊养殖户的比例（75%）高于阿马托莱（27%）和阿尔弗雷德·恩佐（30%）。与奇鲁曼祖（4.7±0.30）相比，阿马托莱（14.0±0.31）和阿尔弗雷德·恩佐（14.1±1.42）每户的平均山羊存栏量明显更高。每户饲养的山羊存栏量与牛存栏量之间存在正相关（阿马托莱r = 0.30，阿尔弗雷德·恩佐r = 0.34，奇鲁曼祖r = 0.25；P < 0.05）。在阿马托莱和阿尔弗雷德·恩佐，分别有79%和78%的家庭饲养山羊主要用于成年礼仪式。奇鲁曼祖几乎所有（95%）的家庭饲养山羊用于家庭消费。所有地区的羊舍建造都很差。农民的看法表明，大多数山羊死亡主要是由胃肠道寄生虫和蜱传疾病，尤其是心水病引起的。在阿尔弗雷德·恩佐、阿马托莱和奇鲁曼祖，分别约有29%、15%和27%的家庭拥有公羊。这三个地区没有正规的山羊市场。奇鲁曼祖拥有山羊的女性比其他两个地区更多。在这三个地区，没有青少年拥有山羊。在这三个地区，青少年男孩比青少年女孩更多地参与山羊管理。在设计山羊改良和农村发展项目时，应考虑不同国家和地区山羊重要性的差异。
