Feng Hongqiang, Wu Xianfu, Wu Bo, Wu Kongming
State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
J Econ Entomol. 2009 Feb;102(1):95-104. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0114.
The seasonal migration of the Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over the Bohai Sea was observed with a searchlight trap and an entomological radar located on a small island in the center of the sea, and through a network of light-traps around the Bohai region. The H. armigera moths were observed to migrate over the sea at least as early as May and light trapping through a network suggested migration might start as early as April, as soon as the moths had emerged from overwintering pupae. H. armigera moths migrated toward the north in southerly winds during spring and summer, and returned south on nights with northerly winds, or at altitudes where the wind was northerly, during fall. The passage of a weather front (cold or warm) or trough at approximately 1700 hours provokes migration of H. armigera over the sea. The H. armigera generally flew at altitudes of below 1,500 m above sea level (asl) with layer concentrations at 200-500 m asl, where the wind direction, wind speed, and temperature were optimum. During fall migration, H. armigera tended to orient toward the southwest and was able to compensate for the wind drift by turning clockwise when the downwind direction was < 225 degrees but counterclockwise when it was > 225 degrees. The displacement speed measured with the radar was 24-41 km/h, the duration of flight was 8-11 h and the maximum migration rate was 1,894 moths per km per h.
利用位于渤海中心一个小岛上的探照灯诱捕器和昆虫雷达，并通过渤海地区周边的诱虫灯网络，对棉铃虫（Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)，鳞翅目：夜蛾科）的季节性迁飞进行了观测。观察到棉铃虫蛾至少早在5月就开始在海上迁飞，而通过诱虫灯网络诱捕表明，迁飞可能早在4月就开始了，即蛾子从越冬蛹中羽化后不久。棉铃虫蛾在春季和夏季南风期间向北迁飞，秋季则在北风夜或在有北风的高度向南返回。大约1700时天气锋（冷锋或暖锋）或槽的过境会引发棉铃虫在海上的迁飞。棉铃虫通常在海拔1500米以下飞行，聚集层在海拔200 - 500米，此处风向、风速和温度最为适宜。在秋季迁飞期间，棉铃虫倾向于向西南方向定向，当顺风方向小于225度时能够通过顺时针转向来补偿风的偏移，而当顺风方向大于225度时则逆时针转向。用雷达测得的位移速度为24 - 41公里/小时，飞行持续时间为8 - 11小时，最大迁飞速率为每公里每小时1894只蛾子。
