Shinkoda Harumi, Matsumoto Kazuya, Asami Eriko, Suetsugu Yoshiko, Kato Noriko, Uchimura Naohisa, Chishaki Akiko, Kaku Tsunehisa, Kohyama Jun, Nanbu Yumiko, Nishioka Kazuo
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2008 Dec;99(12):246-61.
To understand influencing factors for late bedtime of infants having nocturnal life, with respect to each development age and sleep behavior of parents and children. We researched on sleep-awake behaviors and ten-day sleep logs of 277 subjects, who registered for a three-year cohort survey. The cohort is recruited at the time of routine examinations for 4 month, 1.5 years, and 3 years, held at three Health and Welfare centers in Fukuoka city in September and October, 2007. We conducted two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc test of Turkey's multiple comparative tests. The independent variables are three age groups (infants, 1.5 years, and 3 years) and three bedtime categories (late: after 22 o'clock, normal: between 21 and 22 o'clock, and early: before 21 o'clock), and the dependent variables are background date, sleep parameter of parents and children, and factors of sleep behavior and so on. The qualitative data including physical conditions, growth status, frequencies of each life activity are analyzed by tabulation, and fulfillment in child raring is analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with 15 objective variables, to bring out factors to induce nocturnal life.
Children's bedtime had significant effect for bedtime variables. The bedtime difference was about 40 minutes between the early bedtime group and the late bedtime group. The early bedtime group had the earliest wake-up time among the all age groups, followed by the normal, and then the late bedtime group. Efforts to keep regular sleep and wake-up times were made greatly in the early bedtime group, and the normal and then the late bedtime group followed after. The mothers in the late bedtime group considened an ideal bedtime was around 21h although they were not able to realize it. The lengths of TV viewing and daytime nap had also significant effects for children's bedtimes. As a result of multiple comparisons, there were significant differences between the early and the late bedtime groups and between the normal and the late bedtime groups. For the bedtime of children, only mothers' total sleep hours on weekdays had a significant negative correlation, while all the other parameters were significantly and positively correlated.
The study showed influencing factors for bedtime of children were mothers' routine duties in daily life, especially wake-up time, total sleep hours, daytime napping hours of children, and the length of TV viewing. This suggests that further effort on education for sleep environment management is needed.
针对夜间作息的婴儿，从各发育年龄以及父母和孩子的睡眠行为方面，了解影响其晚睡的因素。我们对277名登记参加为期三年队列研究的受试者的睡眠-觉醒行为和十天睡眠日志进行了研究。该队列是在2007年9月和10月于福冈市的三个健康与福利中心进行的4个月、1.5岁和3岁常规检查时招募的。我们进行了双向方差分析和土耳其多重比较检验的事后检验。自变量为三个年龄组（婴儿、1.5岁和3岁）和三个就寝时间类别（晚：22点之后，正常：21点至22点之间，早：21点之前），因变量为背景数据、父母和孩子的睡眠参数以及睡眠行为因素等。对包括身体状况、生长发育状况、各项生活活动频率在内的定性数据进行列表分析，对育儿方面的满足感通过15个客观变量进行逐步多元线性回归分析，以找出导致夜间作息的因素。
孩子的就寝时间对就寝时间变量有显著影响。早睡组和晚睡组之间的就寝时间差异约为40分钟。早睡组在所有年龄组中醒来时间最早，其次是正常组，然后是晚睡组。早睡组在保持规律的睡眠和起床时间方面做出的努力最大，正常组次之，晚睡组最后。晚睡组的母亲认为理想的就寝时间约为21点，尽管她们无法实现。看电视时间和白天小睡时间对孩子的就寝时间也有显著影响。多重比较的结果显示，早睡组和晚睡组之间以及正常组和晚睡组之间存在显著差异。对于孩子的就寝时间，只有母亲平日的总睡眠时间有显著负相关，而所有其他参数均呈显著正相关。
该研究表明，影响孩子就寝时间的因素包括母亲在日常生活中的日常职责，尤其是起床时间、总睡眠时间、孩子白天小睡时间以及看电视时间。这表明需要在睡眠环境管理教育方面进一步努力。
