工作记忆与姿势控制：成年人在改善潜力、任务优先级和双重任务方面的年龄差异。
Working memory and postural control: adult age differences in potential for improvement, task priority, and dual tasking.
作者信息
Doumas Michail, Rapp Michael A, Krampe Ralf Th
机构信息
Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 102, bus 3715, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 Mar;64(2):193-201. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp009. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
Abstract
We investigate dynamic posture control and working memory (NBack) retest practice in young and older adults, focusing on older adults' potential for improvement in the component tasks but more importantly in dual-task performance. Participants performed the 2 tasks in 11 sessions under single- and dual-task conditions. Posture improvement was observed with retest practice for both groups. Increase in cognitive load after initial practice led to greater dual-task costs in both tasks in older adults and higher costs in memory in young adults. With continued practice, costs were reduced by both groups; however, the 2 groups focused improvement on different tasks: Older adults focused on posture but young adults on cognition. These results emphasize older adults' potential for improvement in dual-task performance and their flexibility to utilize the practice gains in posture to optimize cognitive performance.
摘要
我们研究了年轻人和老年人的动态姿势控制及工作记忆（N 回溯）重测练习，重点关注老年人在组成任务中，尤其是在双任务表现方面的改善潜力。参与者在单任务和双任务条件下，分 11 个阶段完成这两项任务。两组在重测练习中均观察到姿势改善。初次练习后认知负荷增加，导致老年人在两项任务中的双任务成本更高，而年轻人在记忆任务中的成本更高。随着持续练习，两组的成本均有所降低；然而，两组在不同任务上集中改善：老年人专注于姿势，而年轻人专注于认知。这些结果强调了老年人在双任务表现方面的改善潜力，以及他们利用姿势练习成果来优化认知表现的灵活性。
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