Cagney Kathleen A, Glass Thomas A, Skarupski Kimberly A, Barnes Lisa L, Schwartz Brian S, Mendes de Leon Carlos F
Department of Health Studies, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2009 May;64(3):415-24. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbn041. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
Drawing from collective efficacy and social disorganization theories, we developed and validated measures of neighborhood-level social processes.
Data came from 2 large, population-based cohort studies of urban-dwelling older adults, the Chicago Neighborhood and Disability Study (CNDS, n = 3,882) and the Baltimore Memory Study (BMS, n = 1,140). Data on neighborhood social processes were collected from residents using a standardized instrument identical in the 2 studies. We used confirmatory factor analysis and descriptive statistics to explore reliability and validity of the neighborhood-level measures.
Confirmatory factor analysis indicated 2 latent factors: social cohesion and exchange (i.e., observations of and interactions with neighbors) and social and physical disorder (i.e., neighborhood problems and unsafe conditions). Neighborhood-level measures of cohesion and disorder showed moderate to high levels of internal consistency (alphas = .78 and .85 in CNDS and .60 and .88 in BMS). Inter-resident agreements were low (intra-neighborhood correlation coefficients = .08 and .11 in CNDS and .05 and .33 in BMS). Cohesion showed a modest, positive association with a composite measure of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Disorder showed a strong, negative association with neighborhood SES.
Findings provide initial evidence of the reliability and construct validity of these neighborhood-level social process measures.
基于集体效能和社会失序理论，我们开发并验证了邻里层面社会过程的测量方法。
数据来自两项针对城市老年居民的大型、基于人群的队列研究，即芝加哥邻里与残疾研究（CNDS，n = 3882）和巴尔的摩记忆研究（BMS，n = 1140）。邻里社会过程的数据通过在两项研究中均相同的标准化工具从居民那里收集。我们使用验证性因素分析和描述性统计来探究邻里层面测量方法的信度和效度。
验证性因素分析表明存在两个潜在因素：社会凝聚力与交流（即对邻居的观察和与邻居的互动）以及社会和物质失序（即邻里问题和不安全状况）。邻里层面的凝聚力和失序测量显示出中等到高度的内部一致性（CNDS中的阿尔法系数分别为0.78和0.85，BMS中的阿尔法系数分别为0.60和0.88）。居民间的一致性较低（CNDS中的邻里内相关系数分别为0.08和0.11，BMS中的邻里内相关系数分别为0.05和0.33）。凝聚力与邻里社会经济地位（SES）的综合测量显示出适度的正相关。失序与邻里SES显示出强烈的负相关。
研究结果为这些邻里层面社会过程测量方法的信度和结构效度提供了初步证据。
