Van Damme Ilse, d'Ydewalle Gery
Department of Psychology, University of Leuven, Belgium.
Memory. 2009 May;17(4):349-66. doi: 10.1080/09658210802680349. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
Recent studies with the Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm have revealed that Korsakoff patients show reduced levels of false recognition and different patterns of false recall compared to controls. The present experiment examined whether this could be attributed to an encoding deficit, or rather to problems with explicitly retrieving thematic information at test. In a variation on the DRM paradigm, both patients and controls were presented with associative as well as categorised word lists, with the order of recall and recognition tests manipulated between-subjects. The results point to an important role for the automatic/controlled retrieval distinction: Korsakoff patients' false memory was only diminished compared to controls' when automatic or short-term memory processes could not be used to fulfil the task at hand. Hence, the patients' explicit retrieval deficit appears to be crucial in explaining past and present data. Results are discussed in terms of fuzzy-trace and activation-monitoring theories.
近期采用迪斯/罗迪格-麦克德莫特（DRM）范式的研究表明，与对照组相比，科尔萨科夫综合征患者的错误识别水平降低，且错误回忆模式不同。本实验探究了这是否可归因于编码缺陷，或者更确切地说是测试时明确提取主题信息存在问题。在DRM范式的一个变体中，向患者和对照组呈现了联想式以及分类式单词列表，并在被试间操纵回忆和识别测试的顺序。结果表明自动/控制检索区分起着重要作用：只有当无法使用自动或短期记忆过程来完成手头任务时，科尔萨科夫综合征患者的错误记忆才会比对照组减少。因此，患者的明确检索缺陷似乎对解释过去和现在的数据至关重要。根据模糊痕迹理论和激活监测理论对结果进行了讨论。
