Grella Christine E
UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2008 Nov;Suppl 5:327-43. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2008.10400661.
In the past three decades, there has been increased recognition of the role of gender in influencing the course of substance use and treatment utilization. Concurrently, a substantial body of research on gender-related issues and substance abuse and its treatment has developed. This article reviews (1) policy initiatives that led to the growth of "specialized" treatment programs and services for women and recent policy changes that influence the provision of substance abuse treatment to women; (2) gender differences in the prevalence of substance use disorders and admissions to treatment; (3) gender differences in treatment needs,utilization, and outcomes, including long-term outcomes following treatment; (4) organizational characteristics of substance abuse treatment providers for women and the types of services provided in these programs; (5) treatment outcomes in gender-specific programs for women; and (6) the effectiveness of evidence-based treatment practices that have either been modified, or have the potential to be adapted, to address the treatment needs of women. This body of research is viewed within the context of a series of paradigm shifts from a generic treatment approach to a focus on gender differences and gender specificity and, most recently, to an emergent focus on gender responsiveness.
在过去三十年里，性别在影响物质使用过程和治疗利用方面所起的作用得到了越来越多的认识。与此同时，关于性别相关问题、物质滥用及其治疗的大量研究也得以开展。本文回顾了：（1）促使针对女性的“专门化”治疗项目和服务得以发展的政策举措，以及近期影响向女性提供物质滥用治疗的政策变化；（2）物质使用障碍患病率及治疗入院率方面的性别差异；（3）治疗需求、利用情况及结果方面的性别差异，包括治疗后的长期结果；（4）针对女性的物质滥用治疗提供者的组织特征以及这些项目所提供的服务类型；（5）针对女性的特定性别项目的治疗结果；以及（6）为满足女性治疗需求而经过修改或有潜力进行调整的循证治疗实践的有效性。这一系列研究是在从通用治疗方法到关注性别差异和性别特异性，以及最近转向新出现的对性别响应性的关注等一系列范式转变的背景下进行审视的。
