Aronen Eeva T, Liukkonen Katja, Simola Petteri, Virkkula Paula, Uschakoff Anu, Korkman Marit, Kirjavainen Turkka, Pitkäranta Anne
Department of Child Psychiatry, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Neuroscience Unit of the Helsinki Brain Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2009 Apr;30(2):107-14. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31819d70a2.
To study emotional and behavioral problems and sleep and cognitive performance in snoring and nonsnoring 3- to 6-year-old children.
As part of an epidemiological study of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in preschool-aged children, 43 snorers and 46 nonsnorers participated in a clinical study. Their parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The children were assessed with Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised and subtests of the Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment (NEPSY-A) representing aspects of attention, language skills, sensorimotor functions, memory, and learning.
On the CBCL snoring children had significantly more parent reported internalizing symptoms (p < .05) than the nonsnoring children, especially symptoms of anxious/depressed mood (p < .01) and emotional reactivity (p < .05). More children from the snoring group than from the nonsnoring group (22 vs 11%) scored in the subclinical or clinical range on the internalizing scale. Interestingly, no significant difference between the groups was found in the amount of externalizing symptoms. The amount of sleep problems other than snoring was higher in the snoring than in the nonsnoring group (p < .01). On tests measuring auditory attention (p < .01) and language skills (verbal IQ, p < .05), the snoring group performed worse than the nonsnoring group.
Our results support the view that SDB should be considered a possible risk factor for mood disorder symptoms and impaired cognitive performance in children.
研究3至6岁打鼾和不打鼾儿童的情绪和行为问题以及睡眠和认知表现。
作为学龄前儿童睡眠呼吸障碍（SDB）流行病学研究的一部分，43名打鼾儿童和46名不打鼾儿童参与了一项临床研究。他们的父母完成了儿童行为量表（CBCL）。使用韦氏学龄前及初小儿童智力测验修订版和发育神经心理学评估（NEPSY-A）的子测验对儿童进行评估，这些子测验代表了注意力、语言技能、感觉运动功能、记忆和学习等方面。
在CBCL上，打鼾儿童的父母报告的内化症状显著多于不打鼾儿童（p < .05），尤其是焦虑/抑郁情绪症状（p < .01）和情绪反应性症状（p < .05）。打鼾组在亚临床或临床范围内的内化量表得分的儿童比不打鼾组更多（22%对11%）。有趣的是，两组在外化症状的数量上没有显著差异。打鼾组除打鼾外的睡眠问题数量高于不打鼾组（p < .01）。在测量听觉注意力（p < .01）和语言技能（言语智商，p < .05）的测试中，打鼾组的表现比不打鼾组差。
我们的结果支持以下观点，即SDB应被视为儿童情绪障碍症状和认知表现受损的一个可能风险因素。
