McKenry M V, Anwar Safdar A
Nematologist and Postdoctoral Researcher, University of California, Department of Nematology, Riverside, CA 92521.
J Nematol. 2006 Sep;38(3):312-8.
Sixteen cultivars of grape were screened over a two-year period in the presence or absence of 10 different nematode populations. Populations of Meloidogyne spp., Xiphinema index, and Mesocriconema xenoplax developed more rapidly and caused greater damage than populations of X. americanum and Tylenchulus semipenetrans. Populations of mixed Meloidogyne spp. having a history of feeding on grape were among the fastest developing populations. Tolerance to nematode parasitism appeared to be based on different mechanisms. Slow developing, less pathogenic nematode populations often stimulated vine growth, thus vines appeared to possess tolerance. Likewise, cultivars selected for nematode resistance often stimulated vine growth when fed upon by the nematode. However, tolerance sources that resulted from nematode resistance are vulnerable due to the occurrence of populations that break resistance mechanisms. Growth of cultivars with phylloxera (Daktalospharia vitifoliae) resistance was unchanged by the presence of nematodes, indicating that phylloxera resistance may provide a useful source of nematode relief. These and several additional sources of specific tolerance are discussed.
在两年时间里，对16个葡萄品种在有或没有10种不同线虫种群的情况下进行了筛选。南方根结线虫属、索引剑线虫和奇异中环线虫种群的发育比美洲剑线虫和半穿刺短体线虫种群更快，造成的损害更大。有取食葡萄历史的混合南方根结线虫属种群是发育最快的种群之一。对线虫寄生的耐受性似乎基于不同的机制。发育缓慢、致病性较低的线虫种群常常刺激葡萄藤生长，因此葡萄藤似乎具有耐受性。同样，选择抗线虫的品种在被线虫取食时也常常刺激葡萄藤生长。然而，由于出现了能突破抗性机制的种群，由抗线虫产生的耐受性来源很脆弱。具有根瘤蚜（葡萄根瘤蚜）抗性的品种的生长在有线虫存在时没有变化，这表明根瘤蚜抗性可能是减轻线虫危害的一个有用来源。文中讨论了这些以及其他几种特定耐受性的来源。
