Wilson Houston, Daane Kent M
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Department Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA.
Insects. 2017 Oct 11;8(4):108. doi: 10.3390/insects8040108.
Grape growers in California utilize a variety of biological, cultural, and chemical approaches for the management of insect and mite pests in vineyards. This combination of strategies falls within the integrated pest management (IPM) framework, which is considered to be the dominant pest management paradigm in vineyards. While the adoption of IPM has led to notable and significant reductions in the environmental impacts of grape production, some growers are becoming interested in the use of an explicitly non-pesticide approach to pest management that is broadly referred to as ecologically-based pest management (EBPM). Essentially a subset of IPM strategies, EBPM places strong emphasis on practices such as habitat management, natural enemy augmentation and conservation, and animal integration. Here, we summarize the range and known efficacy of EBPM practices utilized in California vineyards, followed by a discussion of research needs and future policy directions. EBPM should in no way be seen in opposition, or as an alternative to the IPM framework. Rather, the further development of more reliable EBPM practices could contribute to the robustness of IPM strategies available to grape growers.
加利福尼亚州的葡萄种植者采用多种生物、栽培和化学方法来管理葡萄园中的昆虫和螨虫害虫。这种策略组合属于综合虫害管理（IPM）框架，该框架被认为是葡萄园主要的虫害管理模式。虽然采用IPM已显著减少了葡萄生产对环境的影响，但一些种植者开始对使用一种明确的非农药虫害管理方法感兴趣，这种方法被广泛称为基于生态的虫害管理（EBPM）。EBPM本质上是IPM策略的一个子集，它非常强调栖息地管理、增强和保护天敌以及动物整合等做法。在此，我们总结了加利福尼亚州葡萄园采用的EBPM做法的范围和已知效果，随后讨论了研究需求和未来政策方向。EBPM绝不应被视为与IPM框架对立或作为其替代方案。相反，进一步开发更可靠的EBPM做法有助于增强可供葡萄种植者使用的IPM策略。
