Meyer Susan L F, Zasada Inga A, Roberts Daniel P, Vinyard Bryan T, Lakshman Dilip K, Lee Jae-Kook, Chitwood David J, Carta Lynn K
Nematology Laboratory, Bldg. 011A, Rm. 165B; Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory; Biometrical Consulting Service; Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, US National Arboretum, USDA, ARS, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, BARC-West, Beltsville, MD
J Nematol. 2006 Sep;38(3):333-8.
Extracts from the plants Plantago lanceolata and P. rugelii were evaluated for toxicity to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, the beneficial microbes Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma virens, and the plant-pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium ultimum, and Rhizoctonia solani. Wild plants were collected, roots were excised from shoots, and the plant parts were dried and ground to a powder. One set of extracts (10% w/v) was prepared in water and another in methanol. Treatments included extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, and water controls. Meloidogyne incognita egg hatch was recorded after 7-day exposure to the treatments, and second-stage juvenile (J2) activity after 48 hours. All extracts were toxic to eggs and J2, with P. lanceolata shoot extract tending to have the most activity against M. incognita. Numbers of active J2 remained the same or decreased in a 24-hour water rinse following the 48-hour extract treatment, indicating that the extracts were lethal. When data from water- and methanol-extracted roots and shoots of both plant species were combined for analysis, J2 tended to be more sensitive than eggs to the toxic compounds at lower concentrations, while the higher concentrations (75% and 100%) were equally toxic to both life stages. The effective concentrations causing 50% reduction (EC(50)) in egg hatch and in J2 viability were 44.4% and 43.7%, respectively. No extract was toxic to any of the bacteria or fungi in our assays.
对狭叶车前和鲁氏车前的提取物进行了评估，检测其对根结线虫南方根结线虫、有益微生物阴沟肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌和绿色木霉，以及植物病原真菌尖孢镰刀菌唐菖蒲专化型、辣椒疫霉、终极腐霉和立枯丝核菌的毒性。采集野生植物，将根从地上部分切下，将植物部分干燥并研磨成粉末。一组提取物（10% w/v）用水配制，另一组用甲醇配制。处理包括25%、50%、75%和100%的提取物浓度以及水对照。在处理7天后记录南方根结线虫卵的孵化情况，在48小时后记录二龄幼虫（J2）的活性。所有提取物对卵和J2都有毒性，狭叶车前地上部分提取物对南方根结线虫的活性最强。在48小时提取物处理后的24小时水冲洗中，活跃J2的数量保持不变或减少，表明提取物具有致死性。当将两种植物水提和甲醇提取的根及地上部分的数据合并进行分析时，在较低浓度下，J2对有毒化合物的敏感性往往高于卵，而较高浓度（75%和100%）对两个生命阶段的毒性相同。导致卵孵化和J2活力降低50%的有效浓度（EC50）分别为44.4%和43.7%。在我们的试验中，没有提取物对任何细菌或真菌有毒性。
